Liquid crystal cells – elements and systems – Particular excitation of liquid crystal – Electrical excitation of liquid crystal
Reexamination Certificate
1997-12-17
2001-04-17
Sikes, William I. (Department: 2871)
Liquid crystal cells, elements and systems
Particular excitation of liquid crystal
Electrical excitation of liquid crystal
C349S043000, C349S045000, C345S098000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06219113
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display panel, a method of fabricating the display panel, a method of driving the display panel, a method of correcting a defect in the display panel, and a display employing the display panel.
2. Description of the Related Art
Twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystals making use of the optical rotation of a liquid crystal have presently been employed in available projection displays (liquid crystal projectors) and view finders.
The TN liquid crystal display panel employing the TN liquid crystal needs to employ a polarizing plate to modulate light.
Conventional units such as the aforementioned, however, have poor light utilization efficiency, because the polarizing plate absorbs approximately 70% of incident light. For this reason, the TN liquid crystal display panel has the problem that high brightness display cannot be realized.
The TN liquid crystal display panel also needs a rubbing process, because there is a need to orient liquid crystal molecules. The conventional rubbing process, however, will easily cause a manufacturing defect because it needs high technology. For this reason, there is a problem of panel cost being increased.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the present invention is to provide a display panel, a method of fabricating the display panel, a method of driving the display panel, a method of correcting a defect in the display panel, and a display employing the display panel in consideration of the conventional problems mentioned.
The first liquid crystal display panel of the present invention comprises, for example, a first electrode substrate (
11
), a second electrode substrate (
12
), a liquid crystal layer (
21
) interposed between said first electrode substrate (
11
) and said second electrode substrate (
12
) for forming an optical image as the change of a light scattering state, and a plurality of wires (
17
) formed on at least one or the other of said first electrode substrate (
11
) and second electrode substrate (
12
), wherein the liquid crystal molecules (
20
) in said liquid crystal layer are oriented by an electric field (
19
) produced between said wires adjacent on the same substrate.
Also, for example, a polarizing plate (
131
) is arranged on either the incident side or exit side of the liquid crystal display panel (
22
) or on both sides. An electric force line (
19
) is produced parallel to the substrate by the aforementioned adjacent wires (called a transverse electric field wire) (
17
). Along this electric force line (
19
), the liquid crystal molecules (
20
) are oriented. If the liquid crystal molecules (
20
) are oriented, polarization dependency will occur in a specific direction. If the specific direction is aligned with the polarization axis (
132
) of the polarizing plate, a scattering characteristic will be enhanced.
In the second display panel of the present invention, a liquid crystal layer (
21
) and a counter electrode (
25
), for example, are formed. Then, a color filter (
151
) is filter directly on the counter electrode (
25
). Irradiation of ultraviolet rays is performed after formation of the counter electrode (
25
) and before formation of the color filter (
151
). As an example of the color filter, there is an interference filter consisting of a dielectric multilayer film and a filter colored with gelatin. Also, the color filter (
151
) is formed with a protective film (
153
) for preventing mechanical rapture.
In the third display panel of the present invention, a color filter (
151
) and a black matrix as a light shielding film (
202
), for example, is formed on an array substrate (
12
) and then, on the color filter (
151
) a thin film (
201
) having a smoothing and insulating function is formed. On m, this thin film (
201
), a TFT (
155
) and a signal line (
15
), etc. are formed. Thereafter, a counter substrate (
11
) formed with a counter electrode (
25
) and the array substrate (
12
) are held with a predetermined space and then, the space is filled with a mixed solution (
315
) containing liquid crystal and resin. The phase separation of the mixed solution (
315
) is performed by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the side of the counter substrate (
11
).
In the fourth display panel of the present invention, a color filter (
151
) is not formed on a counter electrode (
25
). The color filter (
151
) is formed on another substrate (
351
). The substrate (
351
) and the counter electrode (
25
) are held with a predetermined space by beads (
161
). The space is filled with an inert gas (
352
), etc., and the peripheral portion is sealed with seal resin (
361
) for preventing leakage of said gas.
In the fifth display panel of the present invention, a substrate (
11
), formed with a color filter (
151
) and a counter electrode (
25
), is pasted on a PD liquid crystal layer (
21
) by an adhesive layer (
371
). It is preferable that the adhesive layer (
371
) employ the same material as the resin of the liquid crystal layer (
21
).
In the sixth display panel of the invention, a counter substrate (
11
), for example, is thinned, and on the counter substrate (
11
) a color filter (
151
) is formed. The relation between the thickness t of the counter substrate (
11
) and the diagonal length d of a pixel needs to meet the following equation. The color filter (
151
) is formed after ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the liquid crystal layer (
21
).
10
d≧t
[expression 13]
In the seventh display panel of the present invention, a first PD liquid crystal layer is formed between a pixel electrode (
14
) and a common electrode (
212
), and a second PD liquid crystal layer is formed between the pixel electrode (
14
) and a counter electrode (
25
). If voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the first and second PD liquid crystal layers will be caused to be in a light transmitting state at the same time. Since the sheet resistance value of the common electrode (
212
) is reduced, a metal wire (
471
) is formed along the common electrode (
212
).
A light shielding film
542
is formed above or below a driver circuit (
541
), etc. which drives the display panel of the present invention. The light shielding film (
542
) shuts out light that is incident on the driver circuit (
541
). Or, instead of the light shielding film (
542
), the driver circuit (
541
) is enclosed with a light absorbing resin (
541
).
In the eighth display panel of the present invention, for example, a light modulating layer (
21
) is not formed between pixel electrodes (
14
), but space is assured. Also, on a signal line (
15
) a BM (
202
) is formed. Preferably, an inert gas (
352
) is injected into the aforementioned space. A fabrication method fabricates a mask
181
having a light shielding film (
202
) formed so as to correspond to the space between pixel electrodes (
14
), and irradiates ultraviolet rays (
183
) through the mask (
181
). The ultraviolet rays (
183
) irradiated on the light shielding film (
202
) is reflected or absorbed. For this reason, the resin under the light shielding film (
202
) is not set. After irradiation of the ultraviolet rays (
183
), if the unset resin (
315
) is washed, space can be formed on a signal line.
In the ninth display panel of the invention, a color filter (
151
), for example, is formed on a pixel electrode (
14
). A PD liquid crystal layer (
21
) varies the average particle diameter of a waterdrop-like liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of a polymer network in accordance with the color of the color filter (
151
). When the color filter (
151
) is red (R), the average particle diameter or average pore diameter is increased, and when the color filter (
151
) is blue (B), the average particle diameter or average pore diameter is reduced. The size of the average particle diameter or average pore diameter is adjusted by varying the strength of ultraviolet rays to be irradiated and/or the kind and content of liquid crystal and resin. Also, as shown in
FIG. 28
, the size is adjusted b
Chowdhury Tarifur R.
Matsushita Electric - Industrial Co., Ltd.
Ratner & Prestia
Sikes William I.
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