Surgery – Truss – Pad
Patent
1992-05-19
1994-06-07
Smith, Ruth S.
Surgery
Truss
Pad
436 64, 436 86, 436173, A61B 5055
Patent
active
053180313
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for determining chemical states of living animal or human tissue using nuclear magnetic resonance with a homogeneous constant magnetic field, the tissue being measured by means of a nuclear magnetic resonance measurement and the measured values obtained then being evaluated by comparison with measured values from reference measurements on comparable tissue to assess whether the chemical state of the tissue corresponds to a chemical normal state or to a deviating abnormal end state.
The invention also relates to an apparatus for determining chemical states of living animal or human tissue using nuclear magnetic resonance, comprising a high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer for carrying out a nuclear magnetic resonance measurement on the tissue, means for determining measured values for the nuclear magnetic resonance measurement on the tissue, means for storing reference values for measurements on comparable tissue and means for comparing the measured values from the actual measurement and the reference measurement.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A method of this type and an apparatus of this type are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,789,832.
In the case of the known method, the tissue is placed in a homogeneous constant magnetic field and is then measured by means of a nuclear magnetic resonance measurement (relaxation time measurement). With this method the tissue can be measured as a tissue sample in vitro, or in vivo, in which case the entire human or animal body is introduced into the homogeneous constant magnetic field.
During the measurement, the magnetic resonance of the protons of the total water in the tissue is measured. This method is based on the knowledge that, starting from a normal state, which corresponds to a healthy state of the tissue, the degree of association of such water molecules, which are associated with protein chains in the cell membranes, can change to an abnormal end state deviating from said normal state, this change being detectable via a nuclear magnetic resonance measurement. The abnormal end state corresponds to that of a malignant tumor. If measured values are now available for the corresponding tissues in both states, that is to say the normal state and the abnormal end state, it is possible, from a comparison of these measured values with the measured values of the tissue actually measured, to make an allocation, that is to say to determine in which of the two states the tissue was at the time of the measurement.
A disadvantage of a method of this type and an apparatus of this type is that it is possible to make only a yes
o statement, i.e. whether the tissue is in the one or the other state. The statement that the tissue is in the abnormal end state with coarse morphological changes can also be furnished in a simpler manner by conventional histological methods and provides no information with regard to chemical processes or intermediate states. If the association of the water molecules with the protein chains in the cell membranes has changed to such an extent that this is detectable by the said nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, then there is already a tumor in a developed state, i.e. a proliferation penetrating into other cells with the formation of metastases. In this advanced state, a medical treatment of the tissue is possible only with difficulty and usually is not successful. It is true that it is possible to make certain statements with regard to the severity of the malignancy from the measurements made in accordance with the method mentioned initially, but the prerequisite for this is that a malignant tumor is already present, i.e. the statement with respect to the abnormal end state can at best be differentiated to indicate to what extent this state is advanced within the tissue sample measured.
A further disadvantage of the method mentioned initially is that the change in the extent of the association of the water molecules with the proteins of the c
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Peter Pfandler, Geoffrey Bodenhausen, Beat U. Meier, R. R. Ernst; "Toward Automated Assignment of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra: Pattern Recognition in Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectra"; 266B Analytical Chemistry 57 (1985) Nov., No. 11, Washington, USA; pp. 2510-2516.
Mountford Carolyn E.
Russell Peter
Bruker Analytische Messtechnik GmbH
Hamrick Claude A. S.
Smith Ruth S.
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