Method and apparatus for detecting high-impedance faults in elec

Details Method and apparatus for detecting high-impedance faults in elec Method and apparatus for detecting high-impedance faults in elec

1993-10-22

1996-07-16

Voeltz, Emanuel T.

Boots, shoes, and leggings

364481, 364482, 395 50, 395 21, 395 22, 395 23, 395907, 361 91, 361 92, 361 93, G06F 1522, G01R 3108

Patent

active

055373275

ABSTRACT:
The present invention features a method and apparatus for detecting and enabling the clearance of high impedance faults (HIFs) in an electrical transmission or distribution system. Current in at least one phase in a distribution system is monitored in real time by sensors. Analog current signature information is then digitized for processing by a digital computer. Zero crossings are identified and current maxima and minima located. The first derivatives of the maxima and minima are computed and a modified Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is then performed to convert time domain to frequency domain information. The transformed data is formatted and normalized and then applied to a trained neural network, which provides an output trigger signal when an HIF condition is probable. The trigger signal is made available to either a network administrator for manual intervention, or directly to switchgear to deactivate an affected portion of the network. The inventive method may be practiced using either conventional computer hardware and software or dedicated custom hardware such as a VLSI chip.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4617636 (1986-10-01), Johns et al.
patent: 5390106 (1995-02-01), Cederblad et al.
Fernando; "High impedance fault detection using artificial neural network techniques"; IEEE; 6 vol. 2870 p. 1, 1992 (full text).
Sarosh; "Toast: The Power System Operator's Assistant"; IEEE; Jul. 1986, pp. 53-59.
Abstract Title: "High Impedance fault detection using artificial nerual network techniques", Society of Automotive Eng. 1992 vol. 2870 pp.
S. Ebron et al. "A Nerual Network approach to the Detection of Incipient faults on power distribution feeders", paper No. 89 TD 377-3 PWRD.

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