Method and apparatus for detecting concentration gradients

Details Method and apparatus for detecting concentration gradients Method and apparatus for detecting concentration gradients

1988-11-14

1991-02-19

Rosenberger, Richard A.

Optics: measuring and testing

Refraction testing

356129, G01N 2141

Patent

active

049938320

ABSTRACT:
A differential, sequential detector, and method, for detecting refractive index gradients in a sample and for producing an output signal approximating a derivative of the refractive index gradient utilizes two closely spaced, parallel probe light beams passing through the sample with the beams separated along the direction of any expected gradient to be detected. A sensor is arranged to measure and produce an output signal proportional to the difference in movement of the two beams. The sensor is preferably arranged so that only complementing portions of each beam will fall on the sensing area of the sensor so that parallel movement of the beams will change equally the respective complementary portions sensed to maintain a constant output from the sensor, but movement of one beam relative to the other beam will produce a change in the sensor output proportional to the relative movement and approximating the derivative of refractive index gradient causing the relative beam movement. Rather than using two, closely spaced beams, a similar output can be obtained using a wide, single beam.

REFERENCES:
patent: 2780955 (1957-02-01), Wiedemann
patent: 3623361 (1971-11-01), Funk, Jr.
patent: 4547071 (1985-10-01), Teitelbaum
patent: 4673810 (1987-06-01), Babsch et al.
patent: 4784494 (1988-11-01), Pawliszyn
Dual Beam Laser Deflection Sensor; Review of Scientific Instruments; Sep. 1985, vol. 56, No. 9, Janus Pawliszyn, Michael Weber, Michael Dignam.

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