Solid material comminution or disintegration – Processes
Patent
1997-10-20
2000-03-21
Hail, III, Joseph J.
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Processes
241 2412, 241 2413, 241 29, 241 4601, 2411521, B02C 1900
Patent
active
060392746
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for crushing or smashing nonconductive materials containing conductive materials such as natural nonconductive ore materials such as quartzites, granites, rocks and the like or waste ferro-concretes or resin molded products containing metal reinforcements to be able to be recycled as new raw nonconductive materials.
BACKGROUND TECHNIQUE
A method of processing nonconductive materials such as ferro-concretes containing conductive materials such as reinforcements and recycling the processed materials to manufacture new nonconductive materials is known as described in A. F. Usov, B. V. Siomkin and N. T. Zinovyev, "TRANSITIONAL PROCESSES IN THE PLANTS USING IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES" (Leningrad: Nauka, 1987), page 189. In this method, waste ferro-concretes are placed in the water, are crushed by electric discharge and further smashed to pieces. Ferro reinforcements are removed from the smashed waste ferro-concretes, and water containing the smashed pieces of concrete, which was used in crushing or smashing of nonconductive materials, is removed by a pump. New ferro-concretes are manufactured using the pieces as raw materials.
In the above method, however, a very large amount of energy is required to crush the ferro-concretes. As a result, all of the ferro-concretes are no crushed and recycled, so that the amount of recycled ferro-concretes is reduced.
The above defect is partially solved by the method described in page 96 of "RECYCLING OF CONCRETES" (Moscow, Stroyiztat, 1988) by B. V. Gusev and V. A. Zagurskiy. According to this method, waste ferro-concretes are preliminarily crushed by a crushing machine and ferro reinforcements are then removed from the crushed waste ferro-concretes and melted. After the crushed concrete is further smashed to pieces, the crushed concrete is classified by size and kind of pieces. The classified pieces of concrete are mixed to manufacture a new mixture of concrete.
In the above method, however, the optimum amount of the electro impulse and electric-physical properties of crushed concrete is not considered. Accordingly, there is the problem that a voltage required for crushing of concrete cannot be adjusted, so that concretes cannot be crushed with an efficient use of energy. Further, all of the processed products such as crushed and smashed concrete materials and ferro reinforcements cannot be recycled as raw materials of new concrete and the problem that the amount of recycled waste ferro-concretes is low is not solved.
It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems in the prior art by providing a method or an apparatus for crushing or smashing nonconductive materials such as waste ferro-concretes with reduced consumption of energy and capable of recycling almost all of the crushed or smashed non-conductive materials to produce new nonconductive raw materials.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, in the method of crushing or smashing nonconductive materials by electric discharge impulse, when a parameter of an electric circuit for applying a discharge voltage is defined as P, electric discharge is made when a value of the parameter P is within a range of 0.02.ltoreq.P.ltoreq.1.0.
The parameter P is expressed by the following equation 1, where l represents a thickness of nonconductive materials, Uo a impulse voltage applied to the nonconductive materials, and .tau. a time constant. Further, A represents a spark constant, which is proportional to a sum total of currents flowing when the impulse voltage is applied to the nonconductive materials and a resistance value and is inversely proportional to the thickness l. ##EQU1##
The nonconductive materials may contain conductive materials. In this case, the conductive materials function as ground and when the nonconductive materials are crushed or smashed, the conductive materials can be taken out while they maintain their original shape or quality.
The nonconductive materials of the present invention includes
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Siomkin Boris Vasilievich
Zinoviev Nikolai Timofeevich
Hail III Joseph J.
Itac Ltd.
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