Optical: systems and elements – Deflection using a moving element – Using a periodically moving element
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-22
2002-09-24
Pascal, Leslie (Department: 2633)
Optical: systems and elements
Deflection using a moving element
Using a periodically moving element
C359S199200, C359S199200
Reexamination Certificate
active
06456408
ABSTRACT:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority of European Patent Application No. 98302312.8, which was filed on Mar. 26, 1998.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention generally relates to the field of optical transmission and particularly to a method and an apparatus for controlling the optical power of an optical transmission signal in a wavelength division multiplex optical transmission system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is being introduced as a means of increasing the capacity of optical fibre transmission systems. In a WDM system each individual fibre carries a number of optical signals having different wavelengths. When these optical signals are transmitted over long distances, periodic regeneration of the optical signals is necessary. Currently, this regeneration is effected either by demultiplexing the different wavelengths and then converting the optical signals to corresponding electrical signals which are regenerated and then reconverted to optical signals or by using optical amplifiers, e.g. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Optical amplifiers have the advantage of both relatively low cost and the ability to amplify all used wavelengths without the need for demultiplexing and opto-electronic regeneration. WDM systems currently under development will have thirty or more channels, i. e. modulated optical signals with different wavelengths (known as Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, DWDM).
However, if EDFAs are used for regeneration of the optical transmission signal, a problem arises if one or more channels of the optical transmission signal fail or are added to or dropped from the optical transmission signal as EDFAs are sensitive to variations of the input power. In these cases cross saturation in EDFAs will induce power transients in the surviving channels. The surviving channels will suffer error bursts if, for example, their powers exceed thresholds for optical nonlinearities or become too low to preserve adequate eye opening.
From “FAST LINK CONTROL PROTECTION FOR SURVIVING CHANNELS IN MULTIWAVELENGTH OPTICAL NETWORKS”, by J. L. Zyskind et al, 22
nd
European Conference on Optical Communication—ECOC'96, Oslo, pages 49-52, it is known to add one additional channel to the optical transmission signal, for controlling the power of the optical transmission signal. The optical power of the control channel is controlled to keep the total optical power of the optical transmission signal constant, e.g., if a channel of the optical transmission signal fails, the optical power of the control channel is increased to keep the total optical power of the optical transmission signal constant. To change the optical power of the control channel usually the injection current of a laser which generates the control channel is changed as the laser is operated in the continuous wave mode.
The known control of the optical power for an optical transmission signal has the disadvantage of cross talk caused by the control channel. The change of the injection current of the laser causes, besides the wanted change of the optical power, an unwanted change in the spectrum of the light emitted by the laser. If big changes of the optical power have to be compensated, the frequency of the emitted light may be shifted several GHz. This causes problems especially with DWDM systems which are very sensitive to frequency changes of the present channels as only small frequency distances are used between the channels of the DWDM systems. Therefore tolerances of typically ±1 GHz deviation of the nominal frequency of present channels are allowed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for controlling the optical power of an optical transmission signal in wavelength division multiplex optical transmission. It is one aim of the inventive method and the apparatus under consideration to avoid the drawbacks known from the state of the art.
According to a first object of the invention there is provided a method for controlling the optical power of an optical transmission signal in a wavelength division multiplex system, comprising adding an optical control signal having a variable optical power to compensate for variations in the optical power of the optical transmission signal, characterised in that the optical control signal has a fixed optical power level, an adjustable period and/or an adjustable pulse width, and further characterised in that said period and/or said pulse width of the optical control signal are adjusted in to compensate for variations in the optical power of the optical transmission signal.
According to a second object of the invention there is provided an apparatus for controlling the optical power of an optical transmission signal (OS;OS′) in a wavelength division multiplex system, having a light source means (&lgr;
x
; &lgr;′
x
) for generating an optical control signal (C;C′) having a variable optical power, a control means (2,3;8,3′) for detecting variations in the optical power of the optical transmission signal (OS;OS′) and controlling in response the optical power of the light source means (&lgr;
x
;&lgr;′
x
), and an adding means (1;7) for adding the optical control signal (C;C′) to the optical transmission signal (OS;OS′), characterised in that the light source means (&lgr;
x
;&lgr;′
x
) generates the optical control signal (C;C′) having a fixed optical power level, an adjustable period and/or an adjustable pulse width, and further characterised in that the control means (3;3′) adjusts said period and/or said pulse width of the optical control signal (C;C′) ) in response to the detected variations.
An advantage of the present invention is that it allows the optical power of an optical transmission signal to be kept at a constant level by means of an optical control signal added to the optical transmission signal, without impairing the optical transmission signal. The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinafter and further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent. However, it should be understood that the detailed description is given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5155617 (1992-10-01), Solgaard et al.
patent: 5491548 (1996-02-01), Bell et al.
patent: 5600479 (1997-02-01), Evans
patent: 5907420 (1999-05-01), Chraplyvy et al.
patent: 6107850 (2000-08-01), Shimizu
patent: 6271945 (2001-08-01), Terahara et al.
patent: 6275313 (2001-08-01), Denkin et al.
patent: 96119965.0 (1996-12-01), None
patent: 97306774.7 (1997-09-01), None
patent: 04281362 (1992-10-01), None
patent: 08061231 (1996-03-01), None
European Search Report dated Aug. 26, 1998.
Lucent Technologies - Inc.
Morra Michael A.
Pascal Leslie
Singh Dalzid
Teitelbaum Ozer M. N.
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