Telecommunications – Transmitter and receiver at separate stations – Plural transmitters or receivers
Reexamination Certificate
2001-10-23
2004-05-04
Maung, Nay (Department: 2684)
Telecommunications
Transmitter and receiver at separate stations
Plural transmitters or receivers
C455S509000, C370S342000, C370S510000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06731947
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field
The present invention relates generally to the field of wireless communication systems, and more specifically to high data rate (“HDR”) data transmission in wireless communication systems.
2. Background
In wireless communication systems several users may share a common communication channel. To avoid conflicts arising from several users transmitting information over the communication channel at the same time, some allocation of the available channel capacity to the users is required. Allocation of user access to the communication channel is achieved by various forms of multiple access protocols. One form of protocol is code division multiple access (“CDMA”) and another form of protocol is time division multiple access (“TDMA”).
In CDMA systems each user uniquely encodes its communication signal into a transmission signal in order to separate its signal from those of other users. The encoding of the message signal spreads its spectrum so that the bandwidth of the encoded transmission signal is much greater than the original bandwidth of the message signal. For this reason CDMA systems are also referred to as “spread spectrum” systems. In TDMA systems each user transmits its communication signal in a uniquely assigned time slot. The time slots do not overlap so that each user's signal is separated from those of other users.
HDR data transmission is a technology that can provide data transmission in a standard CDMA voice communication channel. HDR can be used to enhance data capabilities in existing CDMA networks or in stand-alone data networks. For example, HDR can provide data transmission rates of approximately 2.4 million bits per second (“Mbps”). With existing CDMA networks, some number of channels are changed from voice to data. HDR uses a combination of CDMA and TDMA to share each communication channel among several users. However, HDR assigns time slots on an as-needed basis rather than on a fixed basis as with TDMA.
FIG. 1
illustrates an example of communication channels used for transmitting data using HDR in a CDMA wireless communication system. Communication system
100
shown in
FIG. 1
might be, for example, part of a cdma
2000
spread spectrum communication system. As shown in
FIG. 1
, mobile unit
102
, which can be an HDR modem, communicates with base station
112
over a communication channel provided by radio frequency signal propagation between mobile unit antenna
110
connected to mobile unit
102
and base station antenna
114
connected to base station
112
. Mobile unit
102
may optionally be connected to a computer, such as a personal computer (“PC”), for example, PC
104
. PC
104
can be connected to mobile unit
102
by data link
106
, which can be a serial cable connected to an RS-232 port, for example. (RS-232 refers to Recommended Standard-232, a standard for serial transmission between computers and peripheral devices, now officially referred to as TIA/EIA-232-E.)
The communication channel includes forward data channel
116
, which can be used for carrying user data, indicated in
FIG. 1
by an arrow which points in the forward direction from base station
112
to mobile unit
102
. The communication channel also includes forward control channel
118
, which can be used for carrying signaling information and power control information, indicated in
FIG. 1
by an arrow which also points in the forward direction. The communication channel further includes reverse data channel
120
, which can be used for carrying user data, indicated in
FIG. 1
by an arrow which points in the reverse direction from mobile unit
102
to base station
112
. The communication channel also includes reverse control channel
122
, which can be used for carrying signaling information and power control information, indicated in
FIG. 1
by an arrow which also points in the reverse direction.
HDR data rates can vary depending on certain factors. For example, HDR data rates can vary depending on the distance from the mobile unit, i.e. the HDR modem, to the base station. HDR data rates can also vary from time slot to time slot, for example, depending on the instantaneous signal quality, generally measured as signal to noise ratio, of the communication channel. As seen in
FIG. 1
, the communication channel also includes data request channel (“DRC”)
124
. DRC
124
is used to specify either the maximum data rate that the instantaneous signal quality of the communication channel can support or the null data rate as specified by Interim Standard 856 (“IS-856”), the technical specifications for the HDR air interface.
When a high data rate modem such as HDR modem
102
is coupled to PC
104
through data link
106
, for example, an RS-232 port, which has a lower data rate, a “bottleneck” problem arises. In the HDR modem, with data coming into the data buffer at the HDR data rate of approximately 2.4 Mbps and leaving the data buffer at the RS-232 data rate of approximately 115 thousand bits per second (“Kbps”), it is possible for data to “overflow” the buffer, i.e. data is lost. The bottleneck problem can be partially solved by providing a larger data buffer, but at differing data rates it is possible for data to overflow the buffer and be lost regardless of the data buffer size. Another problem which arises is that occasionally in wireless systems, data needs to be retransmitted, due, for example, to the varying signal quality of the communication channel which can be caused by noise or interference. In general, the retransmit data is given a higher priority for transmission than other data, for example, in order to maintain orderly filling and emptying of data buffers.
Various protocols exist for controlling the data rate on a data link, also referred to as “flow control.” As an illustration, flow control can be provided between a modem and a PC in hardware, for example, an RS-232 data link, by providing a separate control link, one for the modem and one for the PC, so that each can start and stop data flow from the other. Thus, if the data buffer in the modem starts to fill up, the modem can stop data flow from the PC until the modem can “catch up” by processing data out of its buffer. Flow control can also be provided between a modem and a PC in software, such as an Xon/Xoff protocol, by including special control characters, i.e. characters which cannot be interpreted as data, in the data stream. The special control characters can be used by the modem and the PC so that each can start and stop data flow from the other. Thus, if the data buffer in the modem starts to fill up, the modem can stop data flow from the PC by sending a special character to stop data flow, until the modem can “catch up” by processing data out of its buffer, and then sending another special character to restart data flow.
Neither the hardware flow control nor the software flow control protocols are sensitive to the requirements for re-transmitting data in wireless systems, in general, or the requirements for transmission of retransmit and other priority data in HDR technology, in particular. Thus, even though HDR technology provides separate data and control channels and a separate data request channel (“DRC”), application of existing flow control protocols in HDR typically creates problems with transmission of retransmit and other priority data. For example, existing flow control protocols can stop data transmission for too long so that retransmit or priority data is either lost or needs to be retransmitted unnecessarily. According to the IS-856 technical standard for HDR modems, the DRC channel is used to specify only the null data rate or the maximum data rate that the instantaneous signal quality of the communication channel can support. The DRC channel, thus, cannot be used to specify any optional data rates, such as a data rate compatible with a particular modem buffer and modem processing speed.
Thus, there is a need in the art for flow control in HDR data transmission in wireless communication systems. Moreover, there is a need in the art for adjus
Bender Paul E.
Canoy Michael-David Nakayoshi
Hoagland Greg M.
Kimball Robert H.
Baker Kent
Maung Nay
Orgad Edan
Qualcomm Incorporated
Wadsworth Philip
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