Gas separation – Means within gas stream for conducting concentrate to collector
Patent
1989-03-31
1990-07-17
Nozick, Bernard
Gas separation
Means within gas stream for conducting concentrate to collector
55255, 55256, 261 77, 261124, B01D 4700
Patent
active
049418963
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for cleansing gases from solid, liquid and/or gaseous impurities. The invention also relates to apparatus for carrying out the method.
The invention is particularly intended for use as a passive emergency system capable of being activated in the event of an accident or in the event of interruptions in operations in, for example, nuclear power plants, chemical industries or other industries where such circumstances may result in the release of airborne contaminants dangerous to the health. The invention, however, can also be applied under normal operating conditions, for instnce, in a plant or manufacturing process.
The invention is based on the concept of passing the contaminated gas beneath the surface of a liquid bath and cleansing the gas during its passage through the bath. Such an arrangement is particularly suited as a passive emergency system, since it can be permanently held in readiness for automatic and immediate functioning without needing to take special activating measures.
Gas cleaning apparatus in which gas is passed beneath the surface of the liquid bath and allowed to perculate through a multiple of openings or nozzles are known to the art. These known cleansing apparatus or arrangements, however, have poor cleansing effect. For example, in some cases the bubbles passing through the liquid bath are so large as to impair the contact between liquid and gas. On the other hand, in those cases where smsall bubbles are ejected into the liquid, the bubbles remain in the liquid for a very long period of time, which means that the cleansing apparatus must be given extremely wide surfaces in order to be able to deal with the prevailing gas flow. Such cleansing apparatus become very expensive and have unreasonable large dimensions, particularly in the case of large gas flows.
There is proposed in German Patent Specification No. 228 733 a cleansing system in which the incoming gas flow is divided into a plurality of part flows which are directed in fine jets against impingement or striking surfaces. This system, however, has the aforesaid drawback of having low efficiency at small rates of flow, since in this latter case the gas bubbles through the liquid in relatively large bubbles and is relatively unaffected.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,216,181 (see FIG. 4); 3,520,133 (see FIG. 7); and 4,182,617 (see FIG. 2) teach wet cleansing systems in which the gas is introduced beneath the surface of a liquid bath through a plurality of apertures located at progressively deeper depths. In use, the incoming gas forces down the level of liquid in the inlet conduit with increasing gas flow rates and inlet pressures, until the first outlet aperture is exposed and the gas is able to flow up through the liquid. As the gas flow rate and inlet pressure increase, the liquid surface is pressed down progressively still further, so as to expose more and more of the outlet apertures, such that gas is able to flow therefrom in the form of part gas-flows. In this way at least substantially all flow will pass through the outlet aperatures utilized, irrespective of the inlet pressure and the total flow through the gas cleansing system.
One drawback with such known gas cleansing systems is that when the surface of the liquid in the inlet conduit is pressed down beneath an inlet aperture, the gas will be forced out into the cleansing bath at a low energy level and in the absence of pressure drop. The gas will therefore stream out and up through the liquid in the form of relatively large bubbles, resulting in relatively poor separation of fine particles and gaseous contaminants. Such known cleansing systems are therefore not totally satisfactory as passive emergency systems intended for separating highly toxic particles from contaminated gas flows in, e.g., the event of an accident in a nuclear power plant.
The objective of present invention is to provide an improved gas cleansing method of the aforesaid kind which affords intimate contact between gas and cleansing liquid and a high cleansing effici
REFERENCES:
patent: 941676 (1909-11-01), Green
patent: 1583141 (1926-05-01), Greenwalt
patent: 2832432 (1958-04-01), Fanton
Gustavsson Lennart
Johansson Lars-Erik
Lindau Leif
Flakt AB
Nozick Bernard
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