Stone working – Splitting – shearing – and punching
Patent
1989-08-02
1990-12-25
Taylor, Dennis L.
Stone working
Splitting, shearing, and punching
405232, 405303, B28D 100
Patent
active
049794892
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The invention relates to the construction engineering field and in particular, it deals with a method and apparatus for breaking reinforced concrete piles and for exposing reinforcing bars.
The invention may be used in civil engineering, in industrial and water power construction and in other fields for breaking off parts of reinforced concrete piles that are not driven to a preset depth and protrude from the ground level and also for exposing reinforcing bars of the pile left in the soil for subsequent erection of buildings and other installations on the piles.
The method according to the invention makes it possible to break off parts of reinforced concrete piles protruding from the soil simultaneously with the exposure of their reinforcing bars so as to ensure an even surface of the end face of the pile at the point of breakage below the exposed parts of reinforcing bars with complete elimination of manual labour and any auxiliary devices.
STATE OF THE ART
Various methods are known and used to remove underdriven parts of reinforced concrete piles and to expose reinforcing bars of the piles left in the soil. Most widely used up to now is breaking concrete with a pick hammer, with subsequent cutting of reinforcing bars using oxyacetylene or oxygen-gasoline cutters. Concrete breakage and reinforcing bars exposure are carried out in a small zone at a level 20-30 cm above a present level of concrete of the pile left in the soil so as to break down concrete to the present level and to expose the reinforcing bars to a desired length after cutting through the exposed portion of the reinforcing bars using one of the abovementioned methods.
This method results in a low productivity and high power requirements (hence high cost) and in the need to use a hoisting gear (lifting crane or the like) in addition to a compressor with a pick hammer and an oxyacetylene or oxygen-gasoline cutter for holding the part of the pile being removed so as to avoid its fall-down during the removal.
Also known in the art are methods and apparatus that allow the process of removal of the pile protruding from the soil to be mechanized. One of such methods comprises crushing concrete of the underdriven part of the pile protruding from the soil by applying transverse forces to the pile (with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pile). This method is carried out by means of mechanical devices in the form of a rigid frame having a hole in the central portion and hydraulic jacks mounted opposite to each other in two mutually perpendicular planes. Wedges are provided on movable parts of the jacks facing inwardly into the frame. The jacks are operated by a self-contained pumping plant through high-pressure flexible hoses.
The device is installed on a pile at the top using a hoisting gear, and concrete is crushed by means of the hydraulic jacks with gradual lowering of the device down to a level at which the pile is to be left in the soil. After crushing the concrete, the deformed reinforcing bars are cleaned fron concrete manually or using pick hammers, and the reinforcing bars are cut off at the desired level at a preset distance from the end face of the pile left in the soil.
This method also results in a low productivity, the productivity decreasing with an increase in the length of the portion of the pile over the soil level to be removed. In addition, this method also calls for the employment of both pick hammer, manual labour and oxyacetylene cutters (oxygen-gasoline cutters) and cannot ensure the intactness of the end face of the pile left in the soil. The device for carring out the method contains large quantity of metal because it has a rigid load-bearing frame taking up substantial bending forces.
Another method for a mechanized removal of underdriven parts of reinforced concrete piles is based on the application to a pile of oppositely directed torques about the longitudinal axis of the pile above and below a preset level, respectively which, owing to a low shear strength of concrete, can ensure concrete break
REFERENCES:
patent: 3056267 (1962-10-01), McRee
patent: 3727599 (1973-04-01), Sugiki et al.
patent: 4124015 (1978-11-01), Isaksson
patent: 4180047 (1979-12-01), Bertelson
patent: 4197828 (1980-04-01), Schellhorn
Abbasov Pulat A.
Abramov Valentin E.
Borodachev Alexandr P.
Dmitr Evich Jury V.
Erofeev Lev V.
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