Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Treatment by living organism
Patent
1995-08-11
1998-05-26
Wyse, Thomas S.
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Treatment by living organism
210630, 210194, 210199, 210207, 210903, C02F 330, C02F 312
Patent
active
057559660
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for biological activation waste water purification, wherein the waste water is purified in an activation process, during which a nitrification occurs. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for realizing said method, which comprises in a common tank an activation space and upwards extending longitudinal separation spaces, from which the outlets for purified water are led out, where each separation space is defined by the partitions and the faces and communicates with the activation space at one longitudinal side.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An effective protection of the surface water, including seas, against eutrophication requires the utmost effectivity of removal of macrobiogen elements as nitrogen and phosphorus, the presence of which in the waste water is the main cause for the eutrophication phenomenon. That's why all systems for waste water purification have to consider this call for removing the nitrogen and phosphorus.
Hitherto known and used systems for waste water purification with simultaneous reduction of the nitrogen content are orientated to biological processes, which seem to be the most economical ones. All said processes require first a conversion of the oxidable nitrogen forms, i.e. the ammoniacal and organic nitrogen, through the nitrification processes to the nitrate form. Then the nitrate reduction through the denitrification processes to the gaseous nitrogen follows.
The nitrification requires a presence of the nitrification bacteria in the activated sludge, which requires a sufficient sludge age, practically the entire nitrification being attained at the sludge age of 30 days, which corresponds to the sludge load 0.12 kg of biological oxygen demand in five days per one kilogramme of volatile suspended solids of the activated sludge multiplied by the number of the days, further called as kg BOD.sub.5 /kg VSS.d In addition, the nitrification processes require a sufficient concentration of the dissolved oxygen, as a rule over two milligram of the oxygen per one liter of the liquid--further called as 2 mg O.sub.2 /l. The following denitrification is then in progress while there is a shortage of dissolved oxygen in the liquid, whereby the microorganisms get the necessary oxygen through nitrate reduction.
The prior art knows three essential alternatives for the solution of the system for complex biological water purification with a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
The first alternative is an intermittent denitrification. In this solution the nitrification and denitrification phases of the activation purification periodically alternate through an intermittent aerating. The disadvantage of this solution is a reduced effectiveness of the intermittent process compared with the continual one, complicated regulation of the process and also ceasing of the suspension of the activated sludge during the aerating interruption.
Another alternative is a preceding denitrification. In this solution is a separated denitrification in the form of a perfectly mixed tank with an intense mixing supply realized before the aerated activation. During the preceding denitrification process the waste water is carried out together with the activation mixture recirculated from the aerated activation. The disadvantage of the preceding denitrification is the necessity to create a separated denitrification activation space with an independent source of movement of the activation mixture in order to secure an activated sludge suspendation.
A necessary volume of denitrification activation depends on waste water quality and process parameters and therefore it changes itself with respect to time and locality. In order to secure purification in a good quality the fixed volume has to have the size sufficient for an extreme case and therefore is usually overdimensioned.
Another disadvantage is that a part of the surface of the denitrification space is not utilized for the activated sludge separation, the not utilized part being up to 25% of the surface in
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Mackrle Svatopluk
Mackrle Vladimir
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