Data processing: database and file management or data structures – Database design – Data structure types
Reexamination Certificate
1999-12-29
2004-02-24
Metjahic, Safet (Department: 2171)
Data processing: database and file management or data structures
Database design
Data structure types
Reexamination Certificate
active
06697815
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to software application development and run time environments. More particularly, the invention pertains to World Wide Web application development and run time environments.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The recent explosion in use of the World Wide Web (hereinafter the Web) has created a increased need for Web application software developers. One of the largest growth areas in the Web and Web application software development has been in the transaction of business over the Internet, including both retailer to consumer transactions and business to business transactions. For instance, many traditional businesses have added an Internet site to their stable of retail outlets through which consumers can purchase goods. In addition, many new businesses have “opened up” on the Web that have no traditional, physical, retail outlets, but transact business solely (or at least primarily) over the Web. Examples of such Web business sites include Amazon.com which sells primarily books and other entertainment media, CDNow.com which sells primarily compact discs, and Etoys.com which sells primarily children's toys.
The transaction of business via the Web is commonly referred to as e-business. In a typical e-business, a company maintains and operates a Web site that can be accessed by potential consumers using Web browser software such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Explorer. A user accesses a retailers' Web site in the normal fashion, such as by clicking on a hyperlink from another Web site (e.g., a search engine results page) or typing in that Web site's URL (Universal Resource Locator) into the appropriate field on a screen display provided by the browser software. The Web host server on which the requested Web page resides returns a Web page to the user's computer (herein termed client machine) which then displays the selected Web page on the user's monitor.
For exemplary purposes, let us assume that a user accesses a home page of an e-business retailer that sells compact discs. The home page typically will contain graphics, text and various hyperlinks to other Web pages, including at least one page that can be used for entering an order for one or more compact discs. When the user clicks on that particular hyperlink, it causes the browser software to send a request over the network to the relevant Web server for that page. The Web server returns that page to the client machine for display on the consumer's monitor. The page would typically include a plurality of questions and fields in which the consumer is to fill in information in answer to those questions, such as name, address, telephone number, credit card number, the artist and title of the desired compact disc, etc.
After the user has entered all of the required information, he will click on a button on the screen which causes the data which he just entered to be sent back to the Web server. This data essentially is a purchase order for a compact disc. At this point, the e-business retailer must process the purchase order, for the most part, in the manner that it would process any purchase order regardless of the medium through which it was received, (via the internet, via mail order, or via a consumer walking up to a cash register in a physical retail outlet). Such processing typically would include at least (1) confirmation of the credit card number and availability of enough credit to cover the purchase price of the item, (2) confirmation with an inventory database that the ordered compact disc exists and is in stock, (3) entry of all of the information in appropriate databases for purposes of tracking stock for tax and business purposes, and (4) notification of appropriate personnel in the order processing and shipping departments so that the purchase order can be physically processed to mail the compact disc to the consumer.
The software for generating and displaying the Web pages and interacting with the consumer, i.e., user interface software, may generally be termed Web software, while the software for carrying out the business transaction may generally be termed business software.
It can be seen from this example that software development for an e-business application requires knowledge of both business software development and Web software development. Historically, however, business software developers and Web software developers have worked in separate realms. That is, most business software developers know little about Web software development while Web software developers know little about business software development. As one example, business software developers typically develop software using languages such as COBOL or C++, whereas Internet software developers commonly use the HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and Java programming languages.
In addition, a company that, prior to commencing retailing over the Web, had transacted business in more traditional fashions, such as, through physical retail outlets or mail order, usually will already have a completely developed, reliable, and familiar business software package. In order to transact business vial the Web such a company typically would need to develop an entirely new software package based on HTML in order to transact e-business. Accordingly, both companies that conduct strictly e-business as well as traditional companies that are expanding into e-business must employ Web software developers to develop the software for transacting their business over the Web. Such developers commonly have little knowledge of the business aspects of the necessary software. Accordingly, companies either must employ both business software developers who typically know little about Web software development as well as Web software developers who know little about business software development or employ either type of developer and expend significant effort in training the developer in the field in which he or she is not familiar. In either event, there are significant inefficiencies in the software development.
There are numerous available mechanisms by which the business software portion may interact with the Web software portion of an e-business. For instance, many e-business developers utilize CGIs (Common Gateway Interfaces) that interface between the web-browser and a business application program. A CGI is a program which passes a Web user's request to an application program and receives data back from the application program for forwarding to the user. When a user fills out a form such as to order a compact disc it is more than a request for a page to be returned. Specifically, the data entered by the user must be processed by a business application program before the company's Web server can return to the user's browser a customized response, e.g., the requested compact disc is in stock, it will be shipped by a certain date, and the user's credit card will be charged a certain amount. With a CGI type system, the Web server passes the information entered by the user to a small business application program running on the Web server which then processes the data and sends back to the CGI a Web page containing a confirmation message.
The software for passing data back and forth between the server and the business application program is called a Common Gateway Interface or CGI and is part of the Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). A CGI provides a consistent way for data to be passed from the user's request to the business application program and back to the user. Since the interface is consistent, a programmer can write the business application in a number of different languages The most common language for CGI applications are C, C++, Java and Perl. The business application program is a regular program that understands HTML and, upon receipt of the information entered by the user, builds an HTML page to send back to the user. Thus, a business application program when used with a CGI type interface performs a combination of business processing
Al-Hashemi Sana
Doudnikoff Gregory M.
International Business Machines - Corporation
Metjahic Safet
Synnestvedt & Lechner LLP
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