Measuring and testing – Volume or rate of flow – System
Reexamination Certificate
1955-11-22
2001-05-22
Moskowitz, Nelson (Department: 3662)
Measuring and testing
Volume or rate of flow
System
C073S023320, C073S118040
Reexamination Certificate
active
06234014
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to a dynamic response method of analyzing the flow of a binary gas mixture through conduits of any desired configuration, and more especially to a novel method of and apparatus for determining the mixing efficiency and certain other related physical characteristics of conduits, with particular reference to open tubes.
In design of equipment for separation and purification of fluid mixtures, such as the separation of uranium-238 from uranium-235 by the process of gaseous diffusion, it is important to know certain physical characteristics of the open porous-walled tubes carrying the binary gas mixture. Of particular interest is the knowledge of the dependance of the radial mass transfer rate upon such factors as the properties of the gases, flow rates, characteristics of the inner tube wall, and so forth. One measure of this mass transfer rate is obtained from the “mixing efficiency” of the tubes. For porous tubes, this efficiency may be defined as the ratio of the average concentration of light component at the center of the stream minus the concentration of light component at the outside of the wall to the average concentration of light component at the inside of the wall minus the concentration of light component at the outside of the wall. In the porous tubes used in gaseous diffusion operations, flow through the tubes produces a layer of gas adjacent the tube wall which is depleted in the lighter element of the binary mixture, and this layer tends to prevent diffusion from the central core of the flowing stream of gas through the tube walls. A measure of the effectiveness of a tube for diffusion separation, therefore, is the effective thickness of that gas layer or film. Similarly, in heat exchanger design, turbulence promoters are provided in the non-porous, open tubes to mix the cool central core of air with the hot outer layer contacting the tube wall so that the entire volume of air may be heated, rather than only a thin outer layer. The efficiency with which the various turbulence promotion means effect the mixing of inner and outer portions of the air column flowing through the non-porous tubes may also be termed the “mixing efficiency.”
Conventional methods of measuring the mass transfer characteristics, above described, heretofore involved either steady-state removal from or addition to a gas stream of a component by a transfer from or to another adjacent liquid phase. Fundamental knowledge of the effect of individual variables is often difficult to obtain by these methods, because conditions on both the gas and liquid sides influence the results obtained. Moreover, the range of compositions which can be studied is limited by solubility and vapor pressure considerations, extra equipment is required to circulate the liquid in contact with the gas, and compositions vary along the fluid column so that an average composition difference must be defined.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2721578 (1955-10-01), Pouppirt
patent: 2734381 (1956-02-01), Jacobson
patent: 2751777 (1956-06-01), Cherrier
Keyes John J.
Kuipers George A.
Smith DeForest F.
Gottlieb Paul A.
Moskowitz Nelson
Schneider Emily G.
The United States of America as represented by the United States
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