Optics: measuring and testing – For light transmission or absorption – Of fluent material
Patent
1986-04-08
1987-06-16
Pianalto, Bernard D.
Optics: measuring and testing
For light transmission or absorption
Of fluent material
356246, G01N 2100
Patent
active
046732950
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus which make routine serial analysis of a large number of solution samples possible in a manner that the transfer of the samples from the sample cups into the vessel wherein the analysis is performed may in certain cases be carried out--with sufficient precision--more easily than according to prior art. The invention is especially advantageous in case of polarographic or spectrophotometric analyses so that it will hereinafter particularly be set forth with reference to such examples but it will be apparent to persons ordinarily skilled in the art that the advantages of the invention may also be obtained in the course of other types of analyses provided that the conditions are similar ones.
The invention provides a novel way for handling the samples in a universal manner so that it may be used with routine analyses where the handling in itself shall be solved as well as with routine analyses where the handling should preferably be combined with a certain pre-treatment of the sample such as the deoxygenation (hereinafter: deaeration) as necessary before performing the polarographic analyses.
It can be seen from the following that the invention comprises main features common to all analyses it may be applied with whereas additional features will be apparent characteristic for the very type of analysis shown in any of the following examples. The spectrophotometric analysis e.g. is according to the invention carried out by handling the samples in a manner which may also be applied with fluorescence measurements whereas the combined handling and pre-treatment as performed in the course of the polarographic analysis can also be applied using working electrodes other than the dropping mercury electrode, i.e. with different types of voltametric methods.
The extent of automation can also be greatly varied: on the one hand the mechanisation of sample introduction and emptying is a crucial starting point the automation of which may be sufficient in itself, but on the other hand, the whole process, i.e. all steps of the analyzing procedure can be automated altogether and that either using a built-in microprocessor or processing it from an external automatic system.
BACKGROUND ART
The sample handling apparatuses according to prior art can be classified according to a main feature:
One group comprises the apparatuses for analyses wherein each sample is analyzed in a different vessel, the other group comprises the apparatuses wherein the cyclically changed samples are analyzed in one and the same vessel (e.g. a section of the tube) either after only removing the previously analyzed sample or after cleaning the vessel following the removing of the previous sample.
The first group is disadvantageous in so far that each vessel shall either be thrown away or picked out of the analyzer channel, specially cleaned and again incorporated into the analyzer channel. The process is also more complicated because the analyzing means such as the electrode used for the polarographic analysis shall be moved from the one vessel into the other one and also the electrodes shall be cleaned after each cycle. The PARC Model 316 Automatic Cell Sequencer (Princeton Applied Research; PAR) belongs to this group.
The other group is disadvantageous in so far that it can not generally be used, e.g. samples for polarographic analysis can not be handled by such apparatuses. The Auto Analyzer (manufactured by Technicon Corp.) belongs to this group.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the concept that the sample handling can in any case uniformly be automatized in a manner that also the pre-treatment, if necessary, can be included into the automatized process if the samples are transferred from the sample holding cups (hereinafter: sample cups) into a properly designed common vessel wherein the analysis (or its first step) can be performed in a manner that the transferring process consists of two phases, a vessel is used communicating with the ambient space over two
REFERENCES:
patent: Re30391 (1980-09-01), Liston
patent: 3501064 (1970-03-01), Gaumer
patent: 3869214 (1975-03-01), Egli et al.
Feher Zsofia
Horvai Gyorgy
Nagy Geza
Pungor Erno
Toth Klara S.
Budapesti Muszaki Egyetem
Katona Gabriel P.
Pianalto Bernard D.
Richter Gedeon Vegyeszeti Gyar
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