Surgery – Diagnostic testing – Measuring or detecting nonradioactive constituent of body...
Patent
1996-04-26
1998-10-06
Bahr, Jennifer
Surgery
Diagnostic testing
Measuring or detecting nonradioactive constituent of body...
600473, 356 39, A61B 500
Patent
active
058170073
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to novel techniques of determining the content of a constituent of blood of an individual and in particular a novel technique of determining the content of a constituent of blood of a hemodialysis patient.
Individuals suffering from kidney malfunction are treated by dialysis. By the conventional dialysis method, the blood of the patient in question is rinsed by means of a dialysis machine as the blood is contacted with a liquid known as the dialysate through a permeable membrane causing constituents of the blood to permeate through the membrane and be absorbed by substances of the dialysate. Reference is made to "Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation", vol. 316 95-1711 (1988) (Reference 4) in which a detailed discussion of the dialysis technique is presented.
In accordance with the conventional dialysis technique, the patient has his or her blood rinsed for a predetermined period of time which period of time is determined solely an empirical basis. Prior to the dialysis treatment, a blood sample may be collected from the patient which blood sample is analysed and similarly, a blood sample may be collected from the patient after the dialysis treatment has been finished. Through comparison of the two blood samples, the result of or the outcome of the dialysis treatment may be evaluated.
In numerous other situations such as during thorax surgery, a similar situation exists when blood is circulated extracorporeally through a heart-lung machine in order to replace or assist, for a limited time period, the heart or lung function.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique rendering it possible to carry out a real-time or a quasi real-time analysis or determination of the content of a constituent of blood of an individual having his or her blood rinsed in a dialysis machine.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique rendering it possible to perform a real-time or a quasi real-time analysis or determination of the content of a constituent of blood of a patient when exposed to surgery or similarly having a whole blood stream of the order of 50-1,000 ml/min extracted from a blood vessel.
A feature of the present invention relates to the fact that the novel technique according to the present invention renders it possible to perform a multiconstituent analysis of blood of an individual in real-time or quasi real-time and further to compensate for any fluctuations of the blood flow of the blood stream.
A particular advantage of the present invention relates to the fact that in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, the dialysis treatment of a patient may be monitored in real-time or quasi real-time as a continuous determination or analysis of the constituent of blood such an the content of urea or any other relevant constituent may be determined in real-time or quasi real-time.
The above objects, the above feature and the above advantage together with numerous other objects, features and advantages which will be evident from the below description are in a first aspect of the invention obtained by a method of determining the content of a constituent of blood of an individual, comprising: blood vessel of said individual, substantially non-varying flow-through area and comprising a flow-through measuring cuvette constituting part of said flow path, said flow-through measuring cuvette including opposite first and second optically transparent surface defining an optical transmission path of the order of 0.5-2.0 mm, flow-through measuring cuvette with multi-wavelength near infrared light so as to expose said whole blood stream flowing through said flow-through measuring cuvette to said multi-wavelength near infrared light, infrared absorption data of said whole blood stream flowing through said flow-through measuring cuvette, and infrared absorption data into a mathematical model representing the relation between the near infrared absorption data and the content of said constituent.
The above objects, the abov
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Haaland, D.M. et al "Partial Least-Squares Methods for Spectral Analyses. etc.", Anal. Chem. 60:1193-1202 (1988).
Haaland, D.M. et al, "Partial Least-Squares Methods for Spectral Analyses. etc.", Anal. Chem. 60:1202-1208 (1988).
Geladi, P. et al, "Partial Least-Squares Regression: A Tutorial", Anal. Chimica Acta 185:1-17 (1986).
Webster, J.G., "Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation", vol. 3: 1695-1711 (1988).
Fabricius Paul Erik
Fodgaard Henrik
Singer Rolf
Bahr Jennifer
Bang & Olufsen Technology A/S
Winakur Eric F.
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