Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid

Details Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid

2002-04-30

2004-08-24

Kumar, Shailendra (Department: 1621)

Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series

Organic compounds

Carboxylic acids and salts thereof

C560S232000, C560S241000, C252S373000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06781014

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed generally to a process for making synthesis gas from which streams of carbon monoxide and methanol can be obtained for the manufacture of acetic acid, and more particularly to the retrofit of a methanol plant to divert all or a portion of the syngas from the existing methanol synthesis loop to a carbon monoxide separator and to react the methanol from the methanol synthesis loop with the carbon monoxide from the separator in approximately stoichiometric proportions to directly or indirectly make acetic acid.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The manufacture of acetic acid from carbon monoxide and methanol using a carbonylation catalyst is well known in the art. Representative references disclosing this and similar processes include U.S. Pat. No. 1,961,736 to Carlin et al (Tennessee Products); U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,329 to Paulik et al (Monsanto); U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,253 to Marion (Texaco Development Corporation); U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,261 to Marston et al (Reilly Industries); U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,743 to Garland et al (PB Chemicals); U.S. Pat. No. 5,728,871 to Joensen et al (Haldor Topsoe); U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,642 289 to Denis et al (Acetex Chimie); U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,869 to Hinnenkamp et al (Quantum Chemical Corporation); U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,877,347 and 5,877,348 to Ditzel et al (BP Chemicals); U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,289 to Denis et al (Acetex Chimie); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,295 to Sunley et al (BP Chemicals); and EP 845,452-A (Topsoe Haldor. AS) and DE 3712008-A (Linde AG).
The primary raw materials for acetic acid manufacture are, of course, carbon monoxide and methanol. In the typical acetic acid plant, methanol is imported and carbon monoxide, because of difficulties associated with the transport and storage thereof, is generated in situ, usually by reforming natural gas or another hydrocarbon with steam and/or carbon dioxide. A significant expense for new acetic acid production capacity is the capital cost of the equipment necessary for the carbon monoxide generation. It would be extremely desirable if this capital cost could be largely eliminated or significantly reduced.
Market conditions, from time to time in various localities, can result in relatively low methanol prices (an oversupply) and/or high natural gas prices (a shortage) that can make methanol manufacture unprofitable. Operators of existing methanol manufacturing facilities can be faced with the decision of whether or not to continue the unprofitable manufacture of methanol in the hope that product prices will eventually rebound and/or raw material prices will drop to profitable levels. The present invention addresses a way of modifying an existing unprofitable methanol plant to make it more profitable when methanol prices are low and/or gas prices are high.
As far as applicant is aware, there is no disclosure in the prior art for modifying existing methanol plants, including methanol/ammonia plants, to supply stoichiometric MeOH and CO for manufacturing acetic acid, for example, that can be a more valuable product than MeOH.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention involves the discovery that the large capital costs associated with CO generation for a new acetic acid plant can be significantly reduced or largely eliminated by retrofitting an existing methanol or methanol/ammonia plant to make acetic acid. All or part of the syngas is diverted from the MeOH synthesis loop and supplied instead to a separator unit to recover CO
2
, CO and hydrogen, which are advantageously used in various novel ways to produce acetic acid. The recovered CO
2
can be supplied to the reformer to enhance CO production, or to the MeOH synthesis loop to make methanol. The recovered CO is usually supplied to the acetic acid reactor with the methanol to make the acetic acid. The recovered hydrogen can be supplied to the MeOH loop for methanol production, used for the manufacture of ammonia or other products, burned as a fuel, or exported, since the hydrogen is normally produced in excess of the requirements for methanol synthesis in the present invention.
The carbon dioxide can be fed into a catalytic reformer to which natural gas and steam (water) are fed. Syngas is formed in the reformer wherein both the natural gas and the carbon dioxide are reformed to produce syngas with a large proportion of carbon monoxide relative to reforming without added carbon dioxide. Alternatively or additionally, the CO
2
can be supplied to the MeOH loop, with additional CO from the synthesis gas and/or additional import d CO
2
, for catalytic reaction with hydrogen to make methanol.
The syngas can be split into a first part and a second part. The first syngas part is converted to methanol in a conventional methanol synthesis loop that is operated at half of the design capacity of the original plant since less syngas is supplied to it. The second syngas part can be processed to separate out carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and the separated carbon dioxide can be fed back into the feed to the reformer to enhance carbon monoxide formation, and/or fed to the MeOH synthesis loop to make methanol. The separated carbon monoxide can then be reacted with the methanol to produce acetic acid or an acetic acid precursor by a conventional process.
Separated hydrogen, which is generally produced in excess beyond that required for methanol synthesis in the present process, can also be reacted with nitrogen, in a conventional manner, to produce ammonia. Also, a portion of acetic acid that is produced can be reacted in a conventional manner with oxygen and ethylene to form vinyl acetate monomer. The nitrogen for the ammonia process (especially for any added ammonia capacity in a retrofit of an original methanol plant comprising an ammonia synthesis loop) and the oxygen for the vinyl acetate monomer process, can be obtained from a conventional air separation unit.
Broadly, the present invention provides, in one aspect, a method for retrofitting an original methanol plant which has at least one steam reformer for converting a hydrocarbon to a syngas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a heat recovery section for cooling the syngas stream, a compression unit for compressing the syngas stream, and a methanol synthesis loop for converting at least a portion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the syngas stream to methanol. The method converts the methanol plant into a retrofitted plant for manufacturing a product from carbon monoxide and methanol selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, methyl formate, methyl acetate and combinations thereof. The method comprises the steps of: (a) diverting a portion of the syngas stream from at least one reformer to a separation unit; (b) operating the methanol synthesis loop with a feed comprising the remaining syngas stream to produce less methanol than the original methanol plant; (c) operating the separation unit to separate the diverted syngas into at least a carbon monoxide-rich stream and a hydrogen-rich stream, wherein the quantity of hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich stream is greater than any net hydrogen production of the original methanol plant; and (d) reacting the carbon monoxide-rich stream from the separation unit with the methanol from the methanol synthesis loop to form the product, wherein the diversion of the syngas stream is balanced for production of the methanol from the methanol synthesis loop and the carbon monoxide-rich stream from the separation unit for stoichiometric conversion to the product.
Preferably, at least one steam reformer is modified to increase carbon monoxide production in the syngas stream. The syngas stream preferably comprises canon dioxide, and the separation unit produces a carbon dioxide-rich stream that is preferably recycled to at least one reformer to increase the carbon monoxide production.
The reaction step can include the direct catalytic reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide to form acetic acid as in the Mosanto-BP process, for example, or alternatively can comprise the intermediate formation

Affiliated with

Also associated with

Rating

Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Methanol plant retrofit for manufacture of acetic acid will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

Comments { 0 }

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3300766