Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Silicon dioxide – silicic acid – orthosilicate – or...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-19
2001-07-10
Johnson, Jerry D. (Department: 1764)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or...
C508S161000, C508S173000, C508S180000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06258759
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a metal-working water and a metal-working composition containing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to a metal-working water and a metal-working composition containing the same, which can be used as a substitute for a cutting oil.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cutting metals such as an iron, aluminum, and various types of alloys is one of the metal-working processes for removing unnecessary parts from a metal workpiece with the use of a cutting tool to provide a desired shape, size or surface to the metal workpiece. In any cases of metal working, big friction occurs between a workpiece and a tool. Frictional heat burns the tool and makes the machined surface of the workpiece rough, and thermal expansion lowers the accuracy of the shape and the size of the workpiece and the tool, thus causing various problems. To reduce the above problems, a cutting fluid or a lubricant has been employed in metal cutting.
Water-soluble and water-insoluble cutting oils are commonly used as a cutting fluid or a lubricant.
A typical example of water-insoluble cutting oils is an oil solution including mineral oil, sulfur, and chlorine. The disadvantage of the oil solution is that it can be used only when the cutting temperature is low because high cutting temperature may cause the production of fire and smoke. In the meanwhile, a water-soluble cutting oil including mineral oil and the like, to which soap and sulfate are added as an emulsifier or higher alcohol and fatty acid ester are added as a binder, can be used. It is generally used after being diluted with water. A water-soluble cutting oil has an excellent lubricity, but on the other hand, it has low cooling property.
Both water-insoluble and water-soluble cutting oils can be used repeatedly in cutting operation. However, the bacteria propagates in cutting oils as time goes by, and the cutting oil gives off a bad smell by the bacteria itself or the gas produced by the bacteria. The disposal of used cutting oil has become the serious problem because the mineral oil and emulsifier contained in the cutting oil inflicts a bad influence on the environment when the oil is discharged as a waste liquid.
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a metal-working water or a metal-working composition containing the same, which is mainly used to cut metals, has an excellent lubricity and cooling property, prevents abrasion of a cutting tool and can extend service life of a tool.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a metal-working water or a metal-working composition containing the same, which can be used a number of times and does not include hazardous substances.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
As the result of our researches to remove the above disadvantages, we have eventually completed the present invention.
A metal-working water of the present invention may contain sodium ion and one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of fluoride ion, hydrogencarbonate ion (HCO
3
−
) and silicon, which is adjusted to a pH of 6.0 to 10. Preferably, a metal-working water of the present invention may contain 0.005 to 10 wt % of sodium ion and one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of 0.0005 to 10 wt % of fluoride ion, 0.01 to 10 wt % of hydrogencarbonate ion and 0.0001 to 1 wt % of silicon. A metal-working composition of the present invention may contain the above metal-working water and one or more additives. A metal-working composition of the present invention may contain the above metal-working water and a rust-preventive agent. In another embodiment, a metal-working composition of the present invention may contain the above metal-working water, glycerol, a surface active agent and a rust-preventive agent.
The term, “metal working”, is used herein in a comprehensive sense, i.e., to broadly refer to metal cutting such as cutting with an edge tool, turning, drilling, planing and milling, and grinding with abrasive grain such as honing and lapping. It is not limited to metal cutting, but includes rock drilling or the like.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A metal-working water of the present invention can be obtained by dissolving sodium ion and one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of fluoride ion, hydrogencarbonate ion and silicon in such water as tap water, well water, demineralized water or distilled water, which has a melting point of 0° C., a boiling point of 100° C. and a density of about 1.00 g/cm
3
at the temperature of 4° C., and then being adjusted to a pH of 6.0 to 10.
Alternatively, a metal-working water of the present invention can be obtained by dissolving sodium ion and one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of fluoride ion, hydrogencarbonate ion and silicon in alkaline components of a tap water extracted by electrolyzing the tap water. The method for dissolving sodium ion and one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of fluoride ion, hydrogencarbonate ion and silicon with water is not particularly limited. Any conventional method well-known by the persons skilled in the art can be used in the present invention. One of the direct and easy methods is the method containing a step of dissolving a suitable amount of compounds containing sodium, fluorine, hydrogencarbonate or silicon in water. Such compounds are not particularly limited. Any compounds containing one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of sodium, fluorine, hydrogencarbonate and silicon, which are known by the persons in the art, can be used. For example, potassium fluoride, potassium fluoride dehydrate, potassium hydrogenfluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium hydrogenfluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium hydrogenfluoride, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate monohydrate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate and the like can be used. The method for blowing gaseous carbon dioxide directly to water can be also used as one of the methods for dissolving hydrogencarbonate ion in water. Water glass, sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, and sodium metasilicate hydrate can be used as a compound containing silicon. However, the compound which can be used in the present invention is not limited by the above. A metal-working water can be also obtained by preparing a solution containing a high concentration of sodium ion and one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of fluoride ion, hydrogencarbonate ion and silicon, and then appropriately diluting the solution with water to arbitrarily adjust an ion concentration of said solution. The pH of the water used to dilute the solution is not particularly limited.
The concentrations of sodium ion, fluoride ion, hydrogencarbonate ion, and silicon are not particularly limited. However, in the case that the concentrations of these substances are considerably low in a metal-working water, the water does not work effectively in metal-working. Higher concentrations of these substances may lead to higher cutting efficiency. However, when these concentrations are reached at a certain level, cutting efficiency is no longer increased. Therefore, unnecessarily high concentrations of these substances are not preferable because they uselessly raise the cost and make it difficult to prepare a metal-working water. To be concrete, the fluoride ion content of a metal-working water is 0.0005 to 10 wt %, the hydrogencarbonate ion content is 0.01 to 10 wt % and/or the silicon content is 0.0001 to 1 wt %, and the sodium content is 0.005 to 10 wt %. Preferably, the fluoride ion content of a melt working water is 0.0005 to 1 wt %, the hydrogencarbonate ion content is 0.01 to 1 wt % and/or the silicon content is 0.0001 to 0.5 wt %, and the sodium content is 0.005 to 1 wt %. The optimum concentration of each ion in a metal-working water may vary with a kind of the metal of a workpiece.
A metal-working water of the present invention can be used as a substitute for a conventional cutting oil. However,
Fukutani Yasuo
Futahashi Sadao
Nakayama Eiichiro
Wada Yukio
Johnson Jerry D.
Milde Hoffberg & Macklin, LLP
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