Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Catalyst or precursor therefor – Metal – metal oxide or metal hydroxide
Patent
1989-06-06
1991-05-07
Shine, W. J.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Catalyst or precursor therefor
Metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide
502312, 502319, 502350, 502353, B01J 2106, B01J 2322, B01J 2326
Patent
active
050137069
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to metal oxide powders, their mixtures, metal mixed oxide powders, their mixtures, and use of these in catalytic dehydrogenation of branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having 2-6 C atoms, or in catalytic dehydrogenation of mixtures of such hydrocarbons, at a temperature of 300.degree.-700.degree. C. and a pressure of 0.1-20 bar, possibly in the presence of hydrogen, steam, oxygen, or mixtures of hydrogen, steam, and/or oxygen.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, particularly short chain hydrocarbons with 2-6 C atoms, is carried out in known fashion, by passing the hydrocarbons adiabatically through fixed bed reactors, in either pure form or diluted with an inert gas. A plurality of fixed bed reactors operated in parallel may be used. In general the dehydrogenation catalyst is comprised of aluminum oxide with additives such as, e.g., chromium oxide or other metal oxides or mixtures of same (see Ger. OSs Nos. 36 14 854 and 36 20 481, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,943,067 and 2,419,997).
Such metal oxides are prepared, e.g., with aqueous ammonia solution. Often suitable solutions of metal salts are applied onto support materials such as aluminum oxide.
About 8 years ago, various groups of researchers undertook the study of ceramic powders produced by a novel method, wherein suitable gaseous starting compounds were reacted under CO.sub.2 laser irradiation to form pulverulent solids.
The powders formed have the following properties: Small particle diameter, uniform shape, narrow particle size distribution, high purity, low degree of agglomeration, and high surface activity (see J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 65, 7:324 ff.).
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,687, among other things the production of metal oxide powders by irradiating suitable starting compounds with a pulsed IR laser of a frequency not absorbed by the reaction mixture is described. The resulting products are said to be suitable for catalytic purposes. According to this method, e.g., a Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 powder is produced on a support, in a closed static cell, by a laser-induced reaction between chromyl chloride (CrO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2) as the oxidant and hydrogen as the reaction partner, wherewith the reaction is initiated by at least one laser pulse of 2 J/cm.sup.2.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An underlying object of the present invention is to devise means of producing new metal oxide powders comprised of Cr(III) oxide, Ti(IV) oxide, V(V) oxide, or mixtures of these, and new metal mixed oxides comprised of Cr(III) oxide and Ti(IV) oxide, Cr(III) oxide and V(V) oxide, or Ti(IV) oxide and V(V) oxide, or their mixtures, which have advantageous properties. A second underlying problem is to increase the conversion and selectivity of the manufacture of mono-olefins by the catalytic dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons, with the aid of the abovementioned compounds or mixtures of said compounds.
These problems are solved by the inventive metal oxide powders or their mixtures and by the use of the inventive powders as dehydrogenation catalysts.
The claimed metal oxide powders of the invention include novel metal mixed oxide powders comprised of Cr(III) oxide and Ti(IV) oxide, Cr(III) oxide and V(V) oxide, or Ti(IV) oxide and V(V) oxide, or their mixtures. These novel metal mixed oxide powders are distinguished from simple mixtures of the commercially avialable individual oxides, and are even distinguished from mixtures of individual metal oxide powders which individual metal oxide powders have been prepared according to the invention, namely, mixtures of Cr(III) oxide, Ti(IV) oxide, and V(V) oxide individually, having a BET surface of 5-50 m.sup.2 /g and mean particle diameter 25-350 nm. The novel metal oxide powders are prepared from vaporized metal compounds, namely chromyl chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and vanadyl chloride; and the novel metal mixed oxide powders are prepared from mixtures of said vaporized metal compounds.
The metal oxide powders and metal mixed
REFERENCES:
patent: 2500482 (1950-03-01), Barter
patent: 2734874 (1956-02-01), Drake et al.
patent: 4343687 (1982-08-01), Ronn
Bruderreck Hartmut
Gottlieb Klaus
Kern Jurgen
Preuss August-Wilhelm
Schramm Bernhard
Shine W. J.
Veba Oel Aktiengesellschaft
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