Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Ion exchange or selective sorption
Patent
1992-10-08
1994-05-31
Cintins, Ivars
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Ion exchange or selective sorption
423 22, 423 87, 423 89, 423112, 423139, C22B 300, B01J 4500
Patent
active
053166833
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process for extracting one or more metals selected from the group consisting of GE, Ga, In, As, Sb, Bi, Pt, Pd, Ni and Co from an acid aqueous solution containing said one or more metals, according to which the acid aqueous solution is contacted with a solid ion exchanger at a pH at which the ion exchanger absorbs said one or more metals, said ion-exchanger resulting from the reaction of a carrier material, containing NH-- and/or NH.sub.2 -groups that are able to react with aldehydes, with possibly
Such a process is described in SU-A-407922. In this known process indium is extracted from sulfuric acid solutions of pH 1.05 and 2.9 by contacting the solutions with an ion exchanger resulting from the reaction of crosslinked polymers having primary or secondary aminogroups with formaldehyde and 8-hydroxyquinoline in water or alcohol, the aminated crosslinked polymers themselves resulting from either the condensation of amines with epichlorohydrin or the amination of chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene-copolymers.
The aim of the present invention is to provide a process such as defined herebefore, which gives better extraction results than the prior art process.
Therefore, according to the invention use is made of an ion exchanger resulting from the said reaction, when the carrier material is one that is obtainable by amidoalkylation, preferably by imidoalkylation with an ester or an ether of a N-hydroxyalkylimide, of a crosslinked styrene-copolymer and by subsequent hydrolysis of the amido- or imidoalkylation product.
The process of the invention is particularly useful for extracting GE, Ga and/or In from ZnSO.sub.4 solutions used in the electrowinning of Zinc, for separating As, Bi and Sb impurities from sulfuric acid solutions and for separating Pt or Pd impurities from AgNO.sub.3 solutions used in the electrorefining of silver.
As to the preparation of the ion exchanger used in the process of the present invention, the following should be noted.
The carrier material contains preferably at least one reactive group of the general formula alkylcycloalkyl-or alicyclic rest with 1 to 10 C-atoms-preferably methyl- or a possibly substituted aromatic rest with 6 to 10 C-atoms and
Carrier materials, wherein R.sup.1 =H and n=1, are especially preferred. A macroporous aminomethylated styrene-divinylbenzenecopolymer is used as a preferred carrier material.
The carrier material can be prepared by a Friedel-Crafts reaction of a crosslinked, water-insoluble organic polymer containing aromatic nuclei, with an imidoalkylation agent in the presence of a swelling agent for the polymer and of an acid catalyst and by subsequent hydrolysis of the imidoalkylated polymer in accordance with DE-PS 2161628 and DE-PS 2418976.
The esters of N-hydroxyalkylimides with lower aliphatic carboxylic acids (DE-PS 2418976) as well as bis-(dicarbonimidialkyl)ethers (DE-PS 2161628) can be used as imidoalkylation agents.
As N-hydroxyalkylimides which can be used there should be mentioned the di-methylimides and di-ethylimides of alphatic C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acids and of aromatic o-dicarboxyl acids. The N-hydroxymethylimides are preferably used.
The crosslinked, water-insoluble organic polymers containing aromatic nuclei is preferably an aromatic vinyl compound of the type obtained by the copolymerisation of monovinyl and polyvinyl compounds. Such copolymers are known per se and are obtained by known methods. The copolymer may be either microporous, i.e. has a gel structure, or macroporous.
Preferred copolymers are those which consist of a major amount of aromatic monovinylcompounds and of a minor amount of aromatic or aliphatic polyvinyl compounds.
Suitable swelling agents for the polymer are, above all, halogenated hydrocarbons or polar organic solvents such as nitro compounds.
Suitable catalysts include the usual Friedel-Crafts catalysts, such as AlCl.sub.3 or FeCl.sub.3 and, especially, sulphuric acid.
The reaction of the organic polymer with the ester of the N-hydroxyalkylamide is carried out at
REFERENCES:
patent: 4085261 (1978-04-01), Petchornik
patent: 4180628 (1979-12-01), Marchant
patent: 4215219 (1980-07-01), Patchornik
patent: 4409189 (1983-10-01), Borrowman
patent: 4631177 (1986-12-01), Yotsuyanagi
patent: 5102512 (1972-04-01), Lamerant
De Schepper Achille J.
Haesebroek Guy G.
Cintins Ivars
N.V. Union Miniere S.A.
Philpitt Fred
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