Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Inclined top cover – Rafter to vertical support connection
Patent
1985-01-22
1987-10-06
Bell, J. Karl
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Inclined top cover
Rafter to vertical support connection
52721, 403171, E04B 138
Patent
active
046973931
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a system of standardized matched components for metal framing and finishing of structures, for universal application and adapted to achieve a traditional external appearance.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A number of construction systems have been conceived which purport to be based upon a limited number of standardized elements. Similarly, metal building construction has been attempted using durable metal frame pieces, for example, extruded beams, studs and the like. The prior art systems include many conveniences of manufacture or interconnection applicable to a limited range of structural designs. The known systems, however, have been impractical for building houses and the like for more universal design, especially according to high-quality traditional layouts, which vary widely. The prior art systems have lacked either the convenience of complete standardization and few parts, or on the other hand, have been so standardized as to make them useful for only a few certain types of buildings, for example, simple box-like structures.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,001,615, metal studding is disclosed to include structure for supporting lengths of interior wall panel. The studs are adapted to fit endwise into upwards and downwards facing channel members of U-shaped cross-section. Such metal studding is well known and useful to replace less durable wood studding, but is not well adapted for bearing structural loads efficiently. Moreover, the known studding designs must be custom fitted by the installer, and unlike the present invention, lack dimensional inter-relationships with a variety of further parts of the building.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,035,697--Felber teaches a building construction in which joists are bolted or pivotally connected to a junction of vertical studs and horizontal headers. The joists are connected endwise to one another in pairs by a member at the junction along a roof ridge. Pivotal connections are relatively easily made, but concentrate loads at the pivot, and also allow some relative movement of connected parts. Similarly, connections which are based entirely on bolts, rivets or the like depend heavily on the connection elements to bear loads. The studs, joists and beams of Felber are made of pre-cast concrete, rather than metal. Such a system is unwieldy for structures on the range of dwellings and also lacks a standardized interconnection scheme for various other necessary parts such as siding elements, roofing elements, interior fixtures and trim.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,095,434--Calkins, et al., and 2,023,814--Lindsey, concern small-scale metal structures, having a simple external appearance quite unlike the traditional family home. Such structures have recently become popular as backyard outbuildings and utility shacks for various uses. The structures are characterized by the interconnection of panels according to a strict and invariable design rather than the more variable building of a frame of studs, joists and headers to be externally covered by siding and roofing, and internally by wallboard and trim elements. The structures of these shacks are convenient for interconnection of parts, but are so fully specified that their benefits cannot be readily extended to varied structural and external features typical of traditional homes.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,893,636--Ridgway uses metal members to frame houses in an attempt to provide more or less conventional structures which benefit from durable metal framing elements. The Ridgway framing system, however, is based upon combinations of individual rectangular modules in the manner of framing panels which are placed side to side and one atop another, and are connected to form larger panels by a plurality of clamps connecting abutting panel frames.
The art of building construction is quite developed in terms of building structures to support loads, interconnection of beams and other elements, and prefabrication of elements. In a
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