Aeronautics and astronautics – Spacecraft – Spacecraft formation – orbit – or interplanetary path
Patent
1992-05-28
1995-07-18
Barefoot, Galen L.
Aeronautics and astronautics
Spacecraft
Spacecraft formation, orbit, or interplanetary path
455 121, 455 131, B64G 1100, H04B 7185
Patent
active
054337267
ABSTRACT:
A satellite-based cellular telecommunications system employing a constellation of telecommunications satellites in medium earth orbit to provide multibeam radio frequency (rf) communications links for worldwide cellular telephone service with a minimum number of satellites. The telecommunications satellites are placed in a plurality of inclined orbits about the earth at an altitude of between approximately 5600 and 10,000 nautical miles. The characteristics of the orbits, such as the number of orbits, the inclination of each orbit, the number of satellites in each orbit and the altitude of the satellites, are tailored to maximize the coverage area of the satellites and their related line-of-sight elevation angles, while minimizing propagation time delays, the number of beam-to-beam and satellite-to-satellite handovers, and the total number of satellites. The present invention also includes several additional features which essentially eliminate beam-to-beam and satellite-to-satellite handovers, thus dramatically reducing the likelihood of dropouts. between the plug and the anchor to prevent the plug from entering the opening in the vessel.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3243706 (1966-03-01), Grisham
patent: 3331071 (1967-07-01), Webb
patent: 3340531 (1967-09-01), Kefalas et al.
patent: 3349398 (1967-10-01), Werth et al.
patent: 3384891 (1968-05-01), Anderson
patent: 3497807 (1970-01-01), Newton et al.
patent: 3678387 (1972-07-01), Wilson
patent: 3710027 (1973-01-01), Herter et al.
patent: 3928804 (1975-12-01), Schmidt et al.
patent: 4018993 (1977-04-01), Edstrom
patent: 4109202 (1978-08-01), Kudsia et al.
patent: 4144495 (1979-03-01), Metzger
patent: 4189675 (1980-02-01), Reilly et al.
patent: 4201992 (1980-05-01), Welti
patent: 4220821 (1980-09-01), Lucas
patent: 4232321 (1980-11-01), Ohm
patent: 4398291 (1983-08-01), Hotta et al.
patent: 4418350 (1983-11-01), Rosen
patent: 4425639 (1984-01-01), Acampora et al.
patent: 4455651 (1984-06-01), Baran
patent: 4581736 (1986-04-01), Dobyns et al.
patent: 4599619 (1986-07-01), Keigler et al.
patent: 4616108 (1986-10-01), Yamaguchi et al.
patent: 4628506 (1986-12-01), Sperlich
patent: 4630058 (1986-12-01), Brown
patent: 4672655 (1987-06-01), Koch
patent: 4672656 (1987-06-01), Pfeiffer et al.
patent: 4690354 (1987-09-01), Frisch
patent: 4691882 (1987-09-01), Young
patent: 4792813 (1988-12-01), Rosen
patent: 4809006 (1989-02-01), Dar
patent: 4809935 (1989-03-01), Draim
patent: 4813036 (1989-03-01), Whitehead
patent: 4819227 (1989-04-01), Rosen
patent: 4827421 (1989-05-01), Dondl
patent: 4854527 (1989-08-01), Draim
patent: 4868886 (1989-09-01), Assal et al.
patent: 4872015 (1989-10-01), Rosen
patent: 4897642 (1990-01-01), DiLullo et al.
patent: 4931802 (1990-06-01), Assal et al.
patent: 4943808 (1990-07-01), Dulck et al.
patent: 4985706 (1991-01-01), Schukat
patent: 5006855 (1991-04-01), Braff
patent: 5010317 (1991-04-01), Schwendeman et al.
patent: 5017925 (1991-05-01), Bertiger et al.
patent: 5023900 (1991-06-01), Tayloe et al.
patent: 5025485 (1991-06-01), Csongor et al.
patent: 5038398 (1991-08-01), Wills
patent: 5053782 (1991-10-01), Levinberg et al.
patent: 5073900 (1991-12-01), Mallinckrodt
patent: 5119225 (1992-06-01), Grant et al.
patent: 5121409 (1992-06-01), Goss
patent: 5121503 (1992-06-01), Davis
patent: 5161248 (1992-11-01), Bertiger et al.
patent: 5184139 (1993-02-01), Hirako et al.
patent: 5187805 (1993-02-01), Bertiger
patent: 5287541 (1994-02-01), Davis et al.
patent: 5408237 (1995-04-01), Patterson et al.
patent: 5410728 (1995-04-01), Bertiger
Nauck et al, "The Lospuc Concept and it positions" Z. Flugwiss, weltrumforsch, 12 (1988) 191-196.
Bleazard, Introducing Satellite Communications 1986, pp. 68-71.
E.P. 0059454, Dondl, Sep. 1982.
Rider "Analytic Design of Satellite Constellations . . . " Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 31, 52: Jan. 1986.
Nauslar Global Positioning Sys, Brochure by Space and Missile Sys Organization, 1973.
Walker, Circular Orbit Patterns; "Providing continuous Whole Earth Coverage", Royal Aircraft Establishment Tech rep 70211 Nov. 1970.
D. G. C. Luck, "System Organization For General Communication Via Medium Altitude Satellites," RCA Review, Sep. 1963, pp. 293-324.
Lang, Thomas J. et al., "Orbital Constellations Which Minimize Revisit Time," AAS 83-402, pp. 1076-1086 (1991).
Lang, Thomas J., "Symmetric Circular Orbit Satellite Constellations For Continuous Global Coverage," AAS 87-499, pp. 1111-1132 (1991).
Luck, D. G. C., "System Organization for General Communication Via Medium Altitude Satellites," RCA Review, pp. 293-324 (1963).
Adams, W. S. et al., "Circular Polar Constellations Providing Continuous Single or Multiple Coverage Above a Specified Latitude," The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 155-192 (1987).
American Astronautical Society Publication, "Advances in the Astronautical Sciences," vol. 9 (1961).
Ballard, A. H., "Rosette Constellations of Earth Satellites," IEEE, vol. AES-16, No. 5, pp. 656-673 (1980).
Benedicto, J. et al., "MAGSS-14: A Medium-Altitude Global Mobile Satellite System for Personal Communications at L-band," ESTEC (1992).
Beste, D. C., "Design of Satellite Constellations for Optimal Continuous Coverage," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, AES-14, No. 3, pp. 466-473 (1978).
Clare, L. P. et al., "Multiple Satellite Networks: Performance Evaluation Via Simulation," Milcom, vol. 2, No. 20, pp. 404-411 (1987).
Cline, J. K. et al., "Quasicircular Ground Tracks for Geosynchronous Earth Satellites," J. Spacecraft, vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 144-148 (1986).
Dondl, Peter, "Digital Network Oriented Mobile Radio Satellite System as an Integrated Part of the GSM Cellular Radio System in Europe".
Draim, J. E. et al., "Satellite Constellation for Optimal Northern Hemispere Coverage," Presentation at Ninth DARPA Strategic Space Symposium (1983).
Draim, J. E., "Three- and Four-Satellite Continuous-Coverage Constellations," AIAA, AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference (1984).
Draim, J. E., "Three- and Four-Satellite Continuous-Coverage Constellations," J. Guidance, vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 725-730 (1985).
Draim, J. E., "A Common Period Four-Satellite Continuous Global Coverage Constellation," AIAA, pp. 1-9 (1986).
Kachmar, Michael, "Land-mobile satellite pick up," Microwaves & RF, pp. 33-35, Aug. 1984.
Mozhaev, G. V., "The Problem of Continuous Earth Coverage and Kinematically Regular Satellite Networks.II," pp. 52-61 (1973).
Neyret, P. et al., "The Intelsat VII Spacecraft," AIAA 13th Communications, Satellite Systems Conference, Los Angeles, California, pp. 1-16, Mar. 1990.
Rafferty, W. et al., "RF Development for Mobile-Satellite Systems," MSN & CT, pp. 28-30, 37 (1988).
Schmidt, F. et al., "Electronically Steered Phased-Array Antenna for MSAT," MSN & CT, pp. 41-43 (1988).
Space Handbook, "Satellite Ground Tracks," Air University, pp. 2-38 to 2-46.
Wadsworth, D., "Longitude-reuse Plan Doubles Communication Satellite Capacity of Communication Satellite Capacity of Geostationary Arc," AIAA 8th Communications Satellite Systems Conference, pp. 198-204 (1980).
Walker, J. G., "Some Circular Orbit Patterns for Whole Earth Coverage," Technical Memo 149, Royal Aircraft Establishment (1970).
Walker, J. G., "Continuous Whole-Earth Coverage by Circular-Orbit Satellite Patterns," Technical Report 77044, Defense Technical Information Center (1977).
Walker, J. G., "Satellite Patterns for Continuous Multiple Whole-Earth Coverage," Royal Aircraft Establishment, pp. 119-122 (1977).
Walker, J. G., "Coverage Predictions and Selection Criteria for Satellite Constellations," Technical Report 82116, Royal Aircraft Establishment (1982).
"The Effects of Time Delay and Echoes on Telephone Conversations", by J. W. Emling and D. Mitchell, dated Aug. 9, 1963, pp. 2869-2891, The Bell System Technical Journal, Nov. 1963.
"Customer Evaluation of Telephone Circuits with Delay", by George K. Helder, dated Jun. 9, 1966, pp. 1157-1191, The Bell System Technical Journal, Sep., 1966.
"Effects of Transmission Delay on Conversational Behavior on Echo-Free Telephone Circuits", by Pau
Cress Peter H.
Horstein Michael
Rusch Roger J.
Barefoot Galen L.
Coughlin William J.
Goldstein Sol L.
TRW Inc.
LandOfFree
Medium-earth-altitude satellite-based cellular telecommunication does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Medium-earth-altitude satellite-based cellular telecommunication, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Medium-earth-altitude satellite-based cellular telecommunication will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2417625