Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Peptide containing doai
Reexamination Certificate
2006-07-25
2009-10-13
Kaushal, Sumesh (Department: 1633)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Peptide containing doai
C435S069100, C435S320100, C435S325000, C435S326000, C435S373000, C435S375000, C435S455000, C514S003100
Reexamination Certificate
active
07601687
ABSTRACT:
Insulin resistance is a central feature of type II diabetes and other diseases, and may affect every tissue of the body, including the pancreatic beta cell. Insulin signaling is mediated by a complex network of diverging and converging pathways, with alternative proteins and isoforms at almost every step in the process. We have previously shown that insulin activates the transcription of its own gene by signaling through Insulin Receptor A type (Ex11−), PI3 kinase and p70 s6 kinase. When studying the mechanisms underlying the glucose-stimulated activation of the glucokinase gene in pancreatic beta cells, we now demonstrate that also here secreted insulin is a key-factor. In contrast to the insulin gene, transcription of the glucokinase gene is promoted by signaling via Insulin Receptor B type (Ex11+) and protein kinase B (c-Akt). These data provide the first evidence for selectivity in insulin action via the two isoforms of the Insulin Receptor, A type (Ex11−) and B type (Ex11+), and reinforce the concept of the beta cell being an important target of insulin action.
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Berggren Per-Olof
Leibiger Barbara
Leibiger Ingo
BioCrine AB
Kaushal Sumesh
McDonnell Boehnen & Hulbert & Berghoff LLP
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