Electricity: measuring and testing – Measuring – testing – or sensing electricity – per se – Balancing
Patent
1982-06-24
1985-04-09
Levy, Stewart J.
Electricity: measuring and testing
Measuring, testing, or sensing electricity, per se
Balancing
324 74, 324130, G01R 1706
Patent
active
045104425
ABSTRACT:
A precision circuit for measuring electrical currents, of the order of only a few pico-amperes, in the individual ionic channels of biological membranes, comprising a pipette engaging a membrane and having an internal electrode connected to a current-to-voltage converter; the converter output is integrated and fed back to a reference potential source for the converter to control that reference potential so that the average pipette electrode is maintained at zero over a predetermined time interval. In the preferred construction the time constant of the feedback integrator is adjustable between a "slow" value and a "fast" value; at the "slow" setting the long-term average of the pipette current is forced to be zero, whereas at the "fast" setting it is possible to measure the potential at the pipette tip at zero current.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3944920 (1976-03-01), Borer
patent: 3978399 (1976-08-01), Chadbourne
patent: 4213348 (1980-07-01), Reinertson et al.
"Improved Patch. Clamp Techniques for High Resolution Current Recording . . " from Pfluger Archiv/European Journal of Physiology, Aug. 1981, pp. 85-100.
"Solve Low Current Measuring Woes by Designing Your Own Electrometer", Weinberger, Electronics, Aug. 30, l971, pp. 58-62.
"Device to Measure the Voltage-Current Relations in Biological Membranes", La Force, The Review of Scientific Instruments, Sep. 1967, pp. 1225-1228.
". . . A Method for Resolving Currents Through Individual Open Channel . . . ", Neher et al., Pflugers Archiv/European Journal of Physiology, 1978, pp. 219-228.
Levy Stewart J.
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften e.V.
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