Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Patent
1998-11-13
2000-08-08
Henley, III, Raymond
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
514561, 514565, A61K 31415, A61K 31195
Patent
active
061002879
ABSTRACT:
The subject invention pertains to compositions and methods for enhancing muscle performance and recovery from fatigue in humans and animals. In a specific embodiment, the unique formulation is a glycine and L-arginine monohydrochloride salt of alphaketoisocaproic acid calcium (GAKIC).
REFERENCES:
patent: 4677121 (1987-06-01), Walser et al.
MacDougall, J.D., M.A. Tarnopolsky, A. Chesley, S.A. Atkinson (1992) "Changes in muscle protein synthesis following heavy resistance exercise in humans: a pilot study" Acta Physiol. Scand. 146:403-404.
Snow, Christopher J., Katherine Blacklin (1992) "Reliability of Knee Flexor Peak Torque Measurements From A Standardized Test Protocol on a Kin/Com Dynamometer" Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 73:15-21.
Baker, A.J., K.G. Kostov, R.G. Miller, M.W. Weiner (1993) "Slow force recovery after long-duration exercise: metabolic and activation factors in muscle fatigue" Journal of Applied Physiol. 74:2294-2300.
Cerra, Frank B. (1992) "Role of Nutrition in the Management of Malnutrition and Immune Dysfunction of Trauma" J. American College of Nutrition11(5):512-518.
Walser, Mackenzie, Norman D. LaFrance, Lynne Ward, Mary Ann VanDuyn (1987) "Progression of chronic renal failure in patients given ketoacids following amino acids" Kidney International 32:123-128.
Pui, Yurk Mui Lee and Hans Fisher (1979) "Factorial Supplementation with Arginine and Glycine on Nitrogen Retention/and Body Weight Gain in the Traumatized Rat" J. Nutr. 109:240-246.
Mitch, William E., Mackenzie Walser, Daniel G. Sapir (1981) "Nitrogen Sparing Induced by Leucine Compared with That Induced by its Keto Analogue, .alpha.-Ketoisocaproate, in Fasting Obese Man" J. Clin. Invest. 67:553-562.
Aftring, R. Paul, Kevin P. Block, Maria G. Buse (1986) "Leucine and isoleucine activate skeletal muscle branched-chain .alpha.-keto acid dehydrogenase in vivo" Am. J. Physiol. 250:E599-E604.
Buse, Maria G. and Sandra Reid (1975) "Leucine: A Possible Regulator Of Protein Turnover In Muscle" J. Clin. Invest. 56:1250-1261.
Abumrad, Naji N., K.L. Wise, P.E. Williams, N.A. Abumrad, W.W. Lacy (1982) "Disposal of .alpha.-ketoisocaproate: roles of liver, gut, and kidneys" Am. J. Physiol. 243:E123-E131.
Dudrick, Paul S. and Wiley W. Souba (1991) "Amino Acids in Surgical Nutrition: Principles and Practice" Surg. Clin. N. Am. 71(3):459-476.
Flakoll, P.J., M.J. VandeHaar, G. Kuhlman, S. Nissen (1991) "Influence of .alpha.-Ketoisocaproate on Lamb Growth, Feed Coversion, and Carcass Composition" J. Anim. Sci. 69:1461-1467.
Funk, Martha A., Karen R. Lowry, David H. Baker (1987) "Utilization of the L-and DL-Isomers of .alpha.Keto-.beta.-methylvaleric Acids by Rats and Comparative Efficacy of the Keto Analogs of Branched-Chain Amino Acids Provided as Ornithine, Lysine and Histidine Salts" J. Nutr. 117:1550-1555.
Grunewald, Katharine K. and Robert S. Bailey (1993) "Commercially Marketed Supplements for Bodybuilding Athletes" Sports Med. 15:90-103.
Jeevanandam, Malayappa, Mohammad R. Ali, Nancy J. Holaday, Jeffery K. Weis, Scott R. Petersen (1993) "Relative nutritional efficacy of arginine and ornithine salts of .alpha.-ketoisocaproic acid in traumatized rats" Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57:889-896.
Kasperek, George J. (1989) "Regulation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity during exerccise" Am. J. Physiol. 256:E186-E190.
Kilberg, Michael S., Bruce R. Stevens, Donald A. Novak (1993) "Recent Advances in Mammalian Amino Acid Transport" Annu. Rev. Nutr. 13:137-165.
Lewis, Steven F. and Charles S. Fulco (1988) "A New Approach to Studying Muscle and Fatigue and Factors Affecting Performance During Dynamic Exercise in Humans" Exercise Sports Med. Rev. 26:91-116.
MacLean, D.A. and T.E. Graham (1993) "Branched-chain amino acid supplementation augments plasma ammonia responses during exercise in humans" J. Appl. Physiol. 74:2711-2717.
MacLean, D.A., T.E. Graham, B. Saltin (1994) "Branched-chain amino acids augment ammonia metabolism while attenuating protein breakdown during exercise" J. Appl. Physiol. 267:E1010-E1022.
Mori, Eigo, Masaharu Hasebe,Kunio Kobayashi, Hiromasa Suzuki (1989) "Immediate Stimulation of Protein Metabolism in Burned Rats by Total Parenteral Nutrition Enriched in Branched-Chain Amino Acids" J. Panenter. Enteral. Nutr. 13:484-489.
Nissen, S., R. Sharp, M. Ray, J.A. Rathmacher, D. Rice, J.C. Fuller, Jr., A.S. Connelly, N.Abumrad (1996) "Effect of leucine metabolite .beta.-hydroxy-.beta.-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training" J. Appl. Physiol. 81:2095-2104.
Pan, Ming, Bruce R. Stevens, Wiley W. Souba (1944) "Regulation of Intestinal Amino Acid Transport: A Surgical Perspective" Contemp. Surg. 44:213-220.
Pan, Ming, Marc Malandro, Bruce R. Stevens (1995) "Regulation of system y.sub.30 arginine transport capacity in differentiating human intestinal Caco-2 cells" Am. J. Physiol. 268:G578-G585.
Pan, Ming and Bruce R. Stevens (1995) "Differentiation-and Protein Kinase C-dependent Regulation of Alanine Transport via System B" J. Biol.Chem. 270(8):3582-3587.
Harper A.E., R.H. Miller, K.P. Block (1984) "Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism" Ann. Rev. Nutr. 4:409-454.
Benevenga, N.J. and R.D. Steele (1984) "Adverse Effects Of Excessive Consumption of Amino Acids" Ann. Rev. Nutr. 4:157-181.
Bazzarre, Terry L., Scott D. Murdoch, Shih-min L. Wu, David G. Herr, Ian P. Snider (1992) "Plasma Amino Acid Responses of Trained Athletes to Two Successive Exhaustion Trials With and Without Interim Carbohydrate Feeding" J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 11(5):501-511.
Barbul, Adian (1986) "Arginine: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Therapeutic Implications" JPEN 10(2):227-238.
Warren, B.J., M.H. Stone, J.T. Kearney, S.J. Fleck, R.L. Johnson, G.D. Wilson, W.J. Kraemer (1992) "Performance Measures, Blood Lactate and Plasma Ammonia as Indicators of Overwork in Elite Junior Weightlifters" Int. J. Sports Med. 13:372-376.
Visek, Williard J. (1986) "Arginine Needs, Physiological State and Usual Diets. A Reevaluation" J. Nutr. 116:36-46.
Koevering, Micheal Van and Steven Nissen (1992) "Oxidation of leucine and .alpha.-ketoisocaproate to .beta.-methylbutyrate in vivo" Am. J. Physiol. 262(1 pt 1):E27-E31.
Tarnopolsky, Mark A., Stephanie A. Atkinson, J. Duncan Macdougael, Brett B. Senor, Peter W. R. Lemon, Henry Schwarcz (1991) "Whole body leucine metabolism during and after resistance exercise in fed humans" Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 23:324-333.
Sapir, D.G., M. Walser, E.D. Moyer et al., (1983) "Effects of .alpha.-Ketoisocaproate And Of Leucne On Nitrogen Metabolism In Postoperative Patients" Lancet 1(8332):1010-1014.
Sitren, H.S. and H. Fisher (1977) "Nitrogen retention in rats fed on diets enriched with arginine and glycine" r. J. Nutr. 37:195-208.
Sandstedt, S., L. Jorfeldt, J. Larsson (1992) "Randomized, controlled study evaluating effects of branched chain amino acids and alpha-ketoisocaproate on protein metabolism after surgery" Br. J. Surg. 79:217-220.
Dohm, G. Lynis, George J. Kasperek, Edward B. Tapscott, Hisham A. Barakat (1985) "Protein metabolism during endurance exercise" Fed. Proc. 44:348-352.
Cynober, Luc, Michel Vaubourdolle, Alban Dore, Jacqueline Giboudeau (1984) "Kinetics and metabolic effects of orally administered ornithine .alpha.-ketoglutarate in healthy subjects fed with a standardized regimen" Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 39:514-519.
Cersosimo, Eugenio, Bonnie M. Miller, William W. Lacy, Naji N. Abumra (1983) "Alpha-Ketoisocaproate, Not Leucine, Is Responsible For Nitrogen Sparing During Progressive Fasting In Normal Male Volunteers" Surg. Forum 43:96-98.
Buckspan, Randy, Benjamin Hoxworth Eugenio Cersosimo, John Devlin, Eduard Horton, Naji Abumrad (1986) ".alpha.-Ketoisocaproate is superior to leucine in sparing glucose utilization in humans" Am. J. Physiol. 251:E648-653.
Blomstrand, E. and E.A Newsholme (1992) "Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on the exercise-induced change in aromatic amino acid concentration in humam muscle" Acta Physiol Scand 146:293-298.
Cynober,Luc. Colette Coudray-Lucas, Jean-Pascal de Brandt et al. (1990) "Action of Ornithine .alpha.-Ketoglutarate, Ornithine Hydrochlori
Braith Randy Wayne
Godfrey Michael D.
Kaminski Thomas William
Stevens Bruce R.
Henley III Raymond
University of Florida
LandOfFree
Materials and methods for enhancing muscle performance and recov does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Materials and methods for enhancing muscle performance and recov, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Materials and methods for enhancing muscle performance and recov will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1150583