Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Utilizing electrical or wave energy directly applied to...
Patent
1992-03-05
1993-03-16
Silverman, Stanley S.
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Utilizing electrical or wave energy directly applied to...
210763, 210925, C02F 130, C02F 132
Patent
active
051941619
DESCRIPTION:
DESCRIPTION
rons with .multidot.OH radicals. The catalytic or quantum efficiency of photassisited oxidation is increased by Pd deposits on the TiO.sub.2 particles by a factor of 7 at a Pd content of 2%. The efficiency decreases at higher Pd loadings.
We note that monolayer Pd coverage of 0.2 .mu.m diameter TiO.sub.2 particles corresponds to a loading of 1.8 weight %. Thus the best efficiency is reached approximately at about monolayer coverage. The deposited Pd.degree. will not form a monolayer but will aggregate to clusters, leaving much of the surface available for oxidation of adsorbed H.sub.2 O by holes. Excessive covering may prompt, however, recombination. This explains the decrease in efficiency at higher loading of Pd. At very low coverage, corresponding to 1/200 of a monolayer, the quantum efficiency is tripled.
While Pd.degree. catalysis of the photoassisted oxidation of 2,2'-dichloropropionate by oxygen is evident, a note of caution is required in the quantitative interpretation of the data. Specifically, other persons in the art have reported for anatase an increase by a factor of 1.5 in the rate of photoassisted oxidation of phenol when the pH drops from 6.5 to 3.5. With the concentration of HCl increasing in our experiments form .about.10.sup.-3 M to .about.10.sup.-2 M, the rates and quantum efficiencies of Table 1 are averaged values over a pH range between pH3 and pH2 and their accuracy is of .+-.205. Nevertheless, because in all of our measurements the change in pH has been the same, the relative quantum efficiencies are quite accurate.
This invention has been disclosed in connection with specific embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations from the illustrated embodiments may be undertaken without departing the spirit and scope of the invention.
1. A method for treating an oil film floating on a body of water, comprising the steps of: wherein at least part of each particles, exterior surface is coated with a coating material that comprises palladium and an oxidation material that under illumination and in the presence of air is capable of accelerating the oxidation of organic compounds in the oil film; and such that the particles accelerate the oxidation of at least one organic compound in the oil film.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxidation material is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, or iron oxide.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the coating material comprises approximately 0.001 to 3.0 percent by weight palladium.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the coating material comprises approximately 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight palladium.
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Gerischer Heinz
Heller Adam
Board of Regents , The University of Texas System
McCarthy Neil M.
Silverman Stanley S.
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