Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes – Carbonizing to form article – From cellulosic material
Patent
1996-12-24
1999-09-07
Silbaugh, Jan H.
Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
Carbonizing to form article
From cellulosic material
264 295, 264 296, 264 297, 264102, 264105, 423460, H01G 9155
Patent
active
059483296
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material for use in electrodes of electrical double layer capacitors. The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for a carbon electrode and carbonaceous material having a micropore and/or sub-micropore structure in which electrolyte ions such as sulfate ions can suitably form an electrical double layer.
BACKGROUND ART
Electrical double layer capacitors are in practical use as backup power sources in electrical devices such as personal computers, and they are also under development as power sources of rapid discharge and large electric current such as auxiliary batteries for automobiles and the like. The electrodes of electrical double layer capacitors are also called polarizable electrodes and use activated carbon which is electrically conductive. Electrical double layer capacitors are used in various ways such as in situations of long term use with minute electric currents, situations of short term use with large electric currents, and in applications between these.
As the starting material for a carbonaceous material for an electrode, carbonized plant and animal material such as coal, coke, coconut shell char; any kind of resin such as phenol resin, furan resin, vinylidene chloride resin, etc. which have been heat-treated (dry-distilled) in an atmosphere of inert gas, and the like may be used. In the present invention, these starting materials are called carbon compounds in general, and materials obtained by dry-distilling carbon compounds are called dry-distilled charcoal.
As commonly used methods for obtaining activated carbon, methods in which activation treatments are conducted using an oxidizing gas such as steam, carbon dioxide gas, and air are known.
As an example of steam activation, there is Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 1-242409; as an example of carbon dioxide activation, there is Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 5-132377; as a combination method of air (oxygen) activation with steam and/or carbon dioxide activation, there is Japanese Patent Application, Second Publication, No. Hei 5-49606; and in addition, as an example of activation by means of hydroxides of sodium, potassium, and the like, there is Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 2-97414 (Japanese Patent Application, Second Publication, No. Hei 5-82324).
However, in normal activation treatments, the activation yield is of the level of 40.about.80% and the carbon loss reaches 20.about.60%. In addition, it is not possible to form pores of a uniform pore diameter.
Here, the activation yield takes the weight of carbon compounds before treatment as 100, and expresses the weight after treatment.
As electrical double layer capacitors which use carbonaceous material as electrodes, there are Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 1-321620 (carbon paste electrodes); Japanese Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 3-180013 (electrical double layer condensers); Japanese Patent Application, Second Publication, No. Hei 6-56827 (polarizable electrodes and manufacturing method); Japanese Patent Application, Second Publication, No. Hei 4-44407 (electrical double layer capacitor); and Japanese Patent Application, Second Publication, No. Hei 4-70770 (electrical double layer capacitor).
Japanese Patent Application, Second Publication, No. Hei 4-44407 discloses an electrical double layer capacitor which uses, as a polarizable electrode, an activated carbon obtained by preparing a phenol resin foam from phenol resin, polyvinyl alcohol and starch, and then conducting an activation treatment thereon. Since a porous activated carbon having a specific surface area of 2000 m.sup.2 /g or greater is obtained, it is possible to make a carbon electrode for an electrical double layer capacitor of large capacity.
Japanese Patent Application, Second Publication, No. Hei 4-70770 discloses that when the average pore diameter of an activated carbon is made 15 .ANG. or greater, a carbon electrode havin
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Adachi Tadao
Kigure Mitsuo
Marumo Shinichi
Miyagawa Toshiya
Nakamura Akihiro
Jones Kenneth M.
Nippon Sanso Corporation
Silbaugh Jan H.
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