Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Containing -x-n
Patent
1996-05-17
1998-02-24
Kalafut, Stephen
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Containing -x-n
44367, 556150, C10L 122
Patent
active
057207836
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/AU94/00259, filed May 19, 1994.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the manufacture of ferrous picrate.
It has been suggested that the addition of ferrous picrate to carbonaceous fuel results in improvement to the combustion of the fuel. Both ferrous picrate and picric acid are to some extent explosive when in the dry state, necessitating precautions in their use and transport. Ferrous picrate in the dry state is also readily oxidised to ferric picrate in air. Ferric compounds are ineffective as combustion improvers.
In Australian Patent No. 621243 there is disclosed a process for preparing ferrous picrate comprising reacting picric acid in solution in a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic alcohol with iron carbonyl at a temperature between 10.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. Also disclosed is a liquid additive comprising ferrous picrate prepared by the process described, picric acid, an aromatic solvent, and a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic alcohol.
In Australian Patent No. 624964 there is disclosed a process for preparing ferrous picrate comprising reacting under a continuously maintained inert atmosphere an aqueous solution of a ferrous salt with an alkali hydroxide to produce a ferrous hydroxide precipitate, removing water and by-products from the ferrous hydroxide, adding the ferrous hydroxide and a straight or branched-chain aliphatic alcohol to a water-free solution of picric acid in an aromatic solvent, and removing any insoluble material from the solution. Also disclosed is a liquid additive comprising ferrous picrate prepared by a process as described, an aromatic solvent, an aromatic nitro compound and a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic alcohol.
In Example 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,282,858, a method of manufacture of ferrous picrate is disclosed which comprises reacting ferrous sulphate with sodium carbonate to produce a ferrous carbonate precepitate which is then dissolved in alcohol and reacted with picric acid to produce ferrous picrate. The ferrous picrate crystals are separated from the liquid in which they are made, and taken up in solvents to provide a fuel additive. No attempt is made to exclude oxygen from the ferrous carbonate solution or the solid ferrous picrate, but hydroquinone is added to the reaction mixture to minimise the oxidation of ferrous compounds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide in one embodiment a process for preparing ferrous picrate for subsequent use as a fuel additive whereby the use of materials in a hazardous state is avoided, and whereby the presence of ferric compounds is minimised.
Accordingly, in one embodiment the present invention provides a process for preparing ferrous picrate comprising reacting under an inert atmosphere ferrous carbonate substantially free from ferric compounds with a solution of substantially water-free picric acid in a solvent medium selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic alcohol, mixtures of straight- and/or branched-chain aliphatic alcohols, and a mixture of straight- and/or branched-chain aliphatic alcohols with aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, to produce a solution of ferrous picrate.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparing ferrous picrate comprising reacting under an inert atmosphere ferrous carbonate substantially free from ferric compounds with a substantially water-free solution of picric acid in a solvent medium selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, a straight- or a branched-chain aliphatic alcohol, a mixture of straight- and/or branched-chain aliphatic alcohols, and a mixture of straight- and/or branched-chain aliphatic alcohols with aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and at a temperature between 10.degree. C. and 120.degree. C., to produce a solution of ferrous picrate.
We have now surprisingly found in one particularly preferred embodiment o
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Fehr Thompson E.
Kalafut Stephen
Toomer Cephia D.
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