Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Rotary
Reexamination Certificate
2002-06-27
2004-09-21
Le, Dang (Department: 2834)
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Rotary
Reexamination Certificate
active
06794780
ABSTRACT:
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to an arrangement for generation of electromagnetic forces for the purpose of contactless magnetic bearing of rotors in rotating drives as well as actuators in linear drives.
Magnetic-bearing technology is opening up fields of application in mechanical and apparatus engineering with extremely exacting requirements on speed range, service life, cleanness and leak-tightness of the drive system—in other words in substantial areas of application that can be achieved not at all or only with difficulty by means of conventional bearing technologies. Various items, such as high-speed milling and grinding spindles, turbo compressors, vacuum pumps or pumps for high-purity chemical or medical products are already equipped with magnetic bearings.
The literature (Permanent Magnet Biased Magnetic Bearings—Design, Construction and Testing, published in 2nd International Symposium on Magnetic Bearing, Jul. 12 to 14, 1990, Tokyo, Japan; Magnetic Bearing Design for Reduced Power Consumption, published in ASME Transactions on Tribology, Vol. 118, No. 4, October 96, pp. 839 to 846, etc.) contains suggestions on how to reduce substantially the power loss of magnetic bearing systems by bias magnetization with permanent magnets. These suggestions take advantage of the fact that force generation in magnetic circuits is a quadratic function of flux density. If additional magnetization is superposed on a constant bias magnetization, large carrying forces can be generated with only small amounts of magnetomotive forces of the coils.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is on the one hand to simplify the mechanical construction of a magnetic bearing and on the other hand to reduce the power consumption compared with conventional magnetic bearings having direct-current bias magnetization.
This technical problem is solved by a magnetic bearing system having the features of claim
1
.
By the fact that the magnetic bearing system comprises at least one radial bearing, at least one electronic control unit and stator and rotor elements for generation of radial forces, wherein the flux-forming and flux-conducting stator and rotor elements are formed from ferromagnetic parts, coils and permanent magnets, and by the fact that permanent-magnetic poles having at least one permanent magnet as the independent pole are formed in the stator of the radial bearing between electromagnetic poles having at least one coil, and are disposed in such a way that a magnetic potential drop due to the fluxes generated by the permanent magnets is developed in the air gap in the angular regions of the electromagnetic poles, the mechanical construction of this bearing is very simple.
By a largely plane arrangement of electromagnetic poles and permanent-magnetic poles, a magnetic flux is generated in the air gaps to the rotor, even in the currentless condition. If this flux is modulated with a control flux, magnetic forces can be exerted on the rotor for the purpose of magnetic bearing. With this arrangement, a very simple mechanical construction of magnetic bearings having few electromagnetic and permanent-magnetic poles of very simple design is possible. Another major advantage is that the ferromagnetic part of the stator and especially of the stator return path can be made from one part, therewith eliminating problems of assembly and especially the problems of positioning tolerances of various individual parts to be joined. This fact is to be accorded particular importance, since the permanent magnets in particular can generally be made only with very large tolerances in the dimensions.
According to the invention, it is possible to choose the number of poles without restriction, and in this connection the number of poles excited by permanent magnets can if necessary match that of the electromagnetically excited poles. In another possible version, some of the limbs are not wound with coils.
A first embodiment of the inventive bearing is constructed in such a way that the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets passes in each case through the limbs of the electromagnetic poles and thus is responsible for the magnetic potential drop in the air gaps (also referred to as bias magnetization hereinafter). The magnetic flux generated by energization of the coils is closed mainly via the limbs of the neighboring electromagnetic poles. Only a negligible proportion of the flux is closed via leakage paths. In this way an increase in flux density is achieved in the air gap of the energized electromagnetic pole. In contrast, the flux density in the air gaps of the neighboring electromagnetic poles decreases.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the permanent-magnetic poles are designed and disposed in such a way that the air-gap flux in the regions of these poles is directed either commonly inward or outward, at least in the currentless condition.
A substantial advantage of this arrangement is that the magnetic flux generated by the coils passes only through the air gaps of the electromagnetically excited pole structures, but not through the permanent magnets, which are poorly magnetically conductive, and so a large change of flux density can already be achieved with a small magnetomotive force of the coil. In this way the electrical power consumption of the bearing can be drastically reduced compared with conventional coil bearings having direct-current bias magnetization.
According to the invention, it is advantageously provided that the air-gap flux in the angular regions of the electromagnetic poles can be adjusted via the magnitude and sign of the coil currents in such a way that this flux, comprising an electromagnetic component and a permanent-magnetic component, has different values in the air-gap regions of different electromagnetic poles, and so a known resultant radial force is impressed on the rotor via control of the coil currents. This has the advantage that large radial forces can already be generated with a small change of the coil currents.
The electromagnetic poles and the permanent-magnetic poles of a radial bearing are preferably disposed substantially in one plane.
The permanent-magnetic poles are advantageously designed and disposed in such a way that the control-flux proportion of the electromagnetic poles closed via the permanent-magnetic poles is smaller than the proportion closed via the electromagnetic poles. In another possible version, the control flux of the electromagnetic poles is closed practically not at all or only to a non-significant extent via the permanent-magnetic poles.
The permanent-magnetic poles are preferably designed and disposed in such a way that the magnets bound the air gap with at least one side face. This provision is expedient, because thereby the magnetic leakage flux becomes minimal.
The permanent-magnetic poles are advantageously designed and disposed in such a way that the boundary face at the air gap is formed by ferromagnetic material, especially by pole shoes. This has the advantage that the flux density in the air gap between the permanent-magnetic pole structure and the shaft can be changed, and in particular reduced by a change in cross section of the pole shoe.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the permanent-magnetic poles are designed and disposed in such a way that the magnet is embedded in ferromagnetic material, and so a magnetic short-circuit flux of the magnet is limited by appropriately thin flux-conducting pieces driven to magnetic saturation. This has the advantage of simple and low-cost assembly of the magnets. Furthermore, the ferromagnetic material provides mechanical protection, and so the mechanical robustness of the bearing is substantially improved.
From the viewpoint of costs, a limb-type design of the electromagnetic poles with concentrated coils is advantageous.
The coils can also be of distributed and chorded design, which has the advantage that the distributions of magnetomotive force in the stator can be adapted to the requirements of the bearing.
For mechanical simplification of
Amrhein Wolfgant
Silber Siegfried
Collard & Roe P.C.
Le Dang
Lust Antriebstechnik GmbH
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