Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Reciprocating
Reexamination Certificate
1999-01-06
2001-02-13
Ramirez, Nestor (Department: 2834)
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Reciprocating
C335S281000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06188151
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to magnet assemblies, particularly to electromagnetic assemblies with reciprocating core members. These electromagnetic devices are particularly useful as motors to perform work on loads. This invention also relates to an associated method for operating an electrical motor or an electromagnetic assembly with a reciprocating member.
Well known techniques for transforming electrical energy into other forms of energy such as mechanical movement utilize a solenoid enclosed in an outer shell or casing made of a material with a predetermined magnetic permeability. Inside the solenoid, there are disposed a stationary magnetic core and a movable magnetic core, both made of a material of known magnetic permeability. The solenoid is connected to a power supply to create a magnetic field which exerts a force on the movable magnet to move it. This moving magnetic core element is connected to a load so as to perform mechanical work on the load, whereby the electrical energy supplied to the solenoid is transformed into mechanical energy. The system is disconnected from the power supply followed by a recuperation of a portion of the energy that was used for magnetizing.
All known methods of transforming electrical energy to mechanical energy pursuant to the above technique are disadvantaged by low energy efficiency, significant heat losses, large physical dimensions, including mass, weight, and volume, low power output characteristics and low-speed reciprocating motion of the movable member.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnet assembly.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnet assembly which is sable as a motor, for example, of the reciprocating type.
A more particular object of the present invention is to provide such an electromagnet assembly and motor which exhibits enhanced efficiency and economy.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic or electric motor in which the specific mass, the specific volume and the linear dimensions of an electrical or electromagnetic motor assembly may be reduced, not only overall but also per unit of output energy.
A magnetic assembly in accordance with the present invention comprises a casing, a solenoid disposed inside the casing, a stationary magnetic core, and a movable magnetic core. The stationary magnetic core is disposed at least partially inside the solenoid and is fixed relative to the solenoid and the casing, while the movable magnetic core is disposed for reciprocation partially inside the solenoid along an axis. The stationary magnetic core and the movable magnetic core have polygonal cross-sections in planes oriented essentially perpendicularly to the axis.
The stationary magnetic core and the movable magnetic core are made of magneto-susceptible material, as is the casing. The stationary magnetic core and the movable magnetic core are shaped to fit tightly in the solenoid, while the casing has the same shape as the outside of the solenoid. It is generally contemplated that the solenoid and the casing have the same polygonal shape as the stationary magnetic core and the movable magnetic core. This polygonal shape is preferably rectangular or, more particularly, square. However other polygons such as triangles and pentagons may also be effective in providing an electromagnetic assembly which exhibits augmented efficiency when incorporated in a motor or engine design.
The polygonal shape of the magnet assembly results in a concentration of magnetic flux or magnetic field intensity at comers, where the flux changes direction, resulting in magnetic eddy effects.
The stationary magnetic core is fixed to the casing or shell, while the movable magnetic core is free to reciprocate with a varying portion of the movable magnetic core being located outside of the solenoid and the casing. The free end of the movable magnetic core may be connected to a load for purpose of doing work on the load. Alternatively, the enclosed end of the movable magnetic core, i.e., that end located inside the solenoid, may be connected to a load via a rod extending through a bore or through hole in the stationary magnetic core. The load advantageously works on the movable magnetic core to return the movable magnetic core to a fully extended or withdrawn position at the end of each cycle of operation.
In this motor, the electromagnet assembly with its stationary magnetic core and its movable magnetic core operates to change one form of energy, at least electrical energy, to mechanical energy. The linear reciprocation of the movable magnetic core may be converted to another type of motion, for example, rotary, by the nature of the load.
It is generally contemplated that the movable magnetic core has an inner end always disposed inside the solenoid and the casing, while an outer end of the movable magnetic core is always located outside the solenoid and the casing. Accordingly, reciprocation of the movable magnetic core will result in a continuously changing inductance of the electromagnetic reciprocating device (solenoid, casing and cores).
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, the solenoid is connected to an electrical power source which is operative to supply to the solenoid an electrical potential in the form of a series of transient electrical pulses having a phase synchronized with a reciprocating stroke of the movable magnetic core. The electrical pulses are transmitted from the power source to the solenoid during a power stroke of the movable magnetic core, i.e., during motion of the movable magnetic core from a maximally extended position to a maximally retracted position. In the maximally extended position, the movable magnetic core has a maximum proportion of its length located outside the solenoid and the casing, whereas in the maximally retracted position, the movable magnetic core has a minimum proportion of its length located outside the solenoid and the casing.
In one preferred mode of operation of the electromagnetic assembly, the energizing pulses fed from the power source to the solenoid have a sawtooth profile to maximize magnetization for a given average current value. This kind of current or power supply permits a maximization of magnetization at the average value of the current (which is about half of the maximum current value.) In another preferred mode of operation, the pulses have a width or duration which is pulse width modulated according to an instantaneous inductance of the device. The pulse width is controlled to regulate the speed of magnetization of the magnetic conductors (the stationary magnetic core, the movable magnetic core, and the casing). In general, it is preferred to reduce the speed of magnetization. In that case, the pulse width is controlled to decrease with increasing inductance of the device. It is to be noted, however, that the speed of magnetization of the magnetic conductors naturally decreases as the inductance of the device increases during a power stroke of the movable magnetic core, owing to a continually increasing volume of magnetic material located within the solenoid during the power stroke.
The inductance of an electromagnetic system, including the reciprocating magnet assembly and an electrical power supply circuit, may be additionally controlled via an external inductor having a variable inductance. This external inductor is placed in series with the solenoid for stabilizing the magnetization speed of the casing and concomitantly decreasing the growth rate (rate of increase) of the current. The external inductor is controlled to increase the system's inductive resistance, while maintaining a low active resistance, thereby permitting an acceleration of the electromagnetic saturation, a reduction in power consumption, an augmentation of the thrust of the mobile core, and a reduction in heat loss.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, the electrical power supply circuit includes means for pe
Kataev Georgy
Livshits David
Mostovoy Alexander
Shliakheckiy Victor
Coleman Henry D.
Jones Judson H.
Ramirez Nestor
Robotech, Inc.
Sapone William J.
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