Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Organic sulfur compound – wherein the sulfur is single bonded...
Patent
1997-09-10
1999-03-16
Johnson, Jerry D.
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Organic sulfur compound, wherein the sulfur is single bonded...
C10M15924
Patent
active
058830561
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP 96/00813 filed Feb. 27, 1996.
The present invention relates to magnesium low base number magnesium sulphonates and to processes for the production of these sulphonates. The invention also relates to oil based compositions containing these magnesium low base number sulphonates.
Basic or neutral sulphonates may be used as additives in lubricating oils for petrol engines and diesel engines for example for vehicles or marine engines. Neutral and low base number sulphonates function primarily as detergents to keep engine surfaces clean. High base number sulphonates are primarily used to neutralize acids produced in the oil during use. These sulphonates may help to inhibit corrosion.
Neutral and low base number sulphonates for use as oil additives are usually prepared by the neutralization of a sulphonic acid with a basic salt such as a metal oxide or hydroxide in a suitable diluent oil. The sulphonate product may be a mixture of a number of species. In addition dispersed metal hydroxide may be present.
The product of this process may display some basicity, for example if the basic salt is added in stoichiometric excess to that required for complete neutralization of the sulphonic acid, or some other basic component is present. The product in this case is said to be overbased.
The neutral metal salts of typical sulphonic acids are extremely viscous materials and would have a TBN, as measured by ASTM D-2896, of zero. Methods have been sought which permit lower viscosity products to be prepared. This has been achieved by the incorporation of chloride, formate and hydroxide ions into the product. The products of these techniques are not truly neutral but are slightly overbased in that they contain more base than that required to react stoichiometrically with the sulphonic acid.
It is difficult to produce magnesium low base number magnesium sulphonates from any groups of sulphonic acids; moreover, it is particularly difficult to produce magnesium low base number magnesium sulphonates from synthetic sulphonic acids of medium to high molecular weight, ie synthetic acids of average molecular weights of 500 or greater, which also have low viscosity. High viscosity soaps or high viscosity sulphonates are produced which have a lower than expected base number and high sediment levels. Typically, a filtration or solid/liquid separation is required. The viscosity can be controlled to some extent by the addition of halide as outlined above.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,295 discloses a process for the production of low base number alkaline earth metal sulphonates from sulphonic acids which have alkyl radicals of C.sub.15 to C.sub.40 ; the process utilises chloride containing salts and carboxylic acids such as formic acid. The products have relatively low viscosity but contain chloride.
High base number sulphonates are generally prepared by a process of neutralization with excess base (overbasing) followed by carbonation. Typically the sulphonic acid is neutralized with excess basic metal oxide or hydroxide in a suitable diluent. Some of the excess basic metal oxide or hydroxide is converted to metal carbonate via carbonation. Typically the reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrocarbon and/or polar solvents such as toluene/methanol and diluent oil; some or all of these solvents may be subsequently removed. The resulting product is a colloidal dispersion, in a diluent oil, of sub-micron particles of basic magnesium carbonate which are sterically stabilised by the magnesium sulphonate species produced by the reaction.
Sulphonates have been prepared from synthetic sulphonic acids which have in turn been prepared for example by the sulphonation of C.sub.12 to C.sub.60 + alkyl substituted benzene, or xylene or toluene compounds and mixtures thereof. It has been found that some synthetic sulphonic acids are difficult to neutralize with for example magnesium hydroxide or lime to produce sulphonates which have acceptable properties; the attempted neutralization results in the production of gelatinous
REFERENCES:
patent: 3436347 (1969-04-01), Otto et al.
patent: 3446736 (1969-05-01), Herd
patent: 3714042 (1973-01-01), Greenough
patent: 4764295 (1988-08-01), Le Coent
Bovington Charles Herbert
Cleverley John Arthur
Moulin Dominique
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Johnson Jerry D.
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