Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...
Patent
1995-09-29
1997-05-06
Therkorn, Ernest G.
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...
210656, 2101982, 2105021, B01D 1508
Patent
active
056267576
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT/US95/02071, filed Feb. 17, 1995, which, in turn, is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/198,409, filed Feb. 22, 1994, now abandoned.
This invention relates to a novel use of a macrocyclic antibiotic and, more specifically, to the novel use of macrocyclic antibiotics to effect the separation of a particular compound from a fluid (i.e. gas or liquid). The macrocyclic antibiotics of the present invention are especially useful as a stationary phase or as a mobile phase or solution additive in chromatography and electrophoresis for the separation of isomers, particularly optical isomers.
Antibiotics are a class of chemical compounds which are produced by microorganisms; and capable, in a dilute solution, of inhibiting the growth of or destroying bacteria and other microorganisms. Today, some antibiotics are also produced synthetically. Chemically, antibiotics have a wide variety of structures and belong to various groups of compounds. Generally, antibiotics have three names, a chemical name, a generic name and a tradename. For example, tetracycline, generic name, is 4-dimethylamino-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy- 6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthocenecarboxamide, chemical name, and is sold under the tradenames Panmycin and Tetracyn. The generic name is generally preferred and will be used in the specification and claims.
A variety of methods are available for the separation of an individual component or chemical compound from fluids. Among these methods are distillation, extraction, crystallization, precipitation, filtration, electrophoresis and various chromatographic techniques.
Crystallization and precipitation are often batch operations which entail the addition of an agent to assist in the removal of a component from the fluid as a solid particle. Generally, the solid particles fall to the bottom or rise to the top of the fluid.
Filtration can be either a batch or continuous process and includes reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration and membrane permeation. Such processes entail the selective separation of components from a fluid due to the porosity of a filter. The filter itself can be either a fluid or a solid.
Chromatography, which also operates in either a batch or continuous mode, includes liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Chromatography is based on the differential distribution of components between two phases, a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The mobile phase is typically a gas or liquid while the stationary phase is typically a solid or a liquid. Separation occurs because the mobile phase is brought into contact with the stationary phase and caused to move past the stationary phase. Components in the mobile phase travel in the mobile phase at different rates depending on their affinity for the two phases.
Electrophoresis involves the motion of electrically charged particles in an electric field and comprises applying an electric field to a solution such that components in the solution move by means of the electric field. Electrophoresis can be done with free solutions in the presence of a gel, or in the presence of a chromatographic-like stationary phase (the later is sometimes referred to as electrochromatography). There are a variety of electrophoresis techniques. Electrophoresis can be performed in capillaries (capillary electrophoresis, CE), in tubes, in slabs, etc. Electrophoresis is typically only a batch process.
A number of these separation processes employ a chemical agent to assist in the separation of the compound which has been targeted for separation. Typically, these chemical agents, i.e. separation agents, are either added to the fluid phase so as to combine with the targeted compound and assist or effect the separation of the targeted compound, or the separation agent is fixed to a stationary phase and interacts with the targeted compound as it passes by the fixed separation agent thereby assisting or effecting the separation of the targeted compoun
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Advanced Separation Technologies Inc.
Therkorn Ernest G.
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