Classifying – separating – and assorting solids – Precedent preparation of items or materials to facilitate... – Sorting special items or sorting by methods and apparatus...
Patent
1993-05-10
1995-02-21
Dayoan, D. Glenn
Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
Precedent preparation of items or materials to facilitate...
Sorting special items or sorting by methods and apparatus...
209690, 209930, 241104, 241105, B07C 900
Patent
active
053907990
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a machine for recycling plastic containers, in particular bottles.
TECHNICAL FIELD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The recycling of plastic bottles, and in general of all containers made from this material, requires the solution of various problems linked in particular to the dimensions and shape of these bottles, their supply in bulk form and the need to subject them not only to washing but also to separate out contaminant bodies such as labels, stoppers and bases.
It also has to be borne in mind that the bottles are not always made from the same plastic material, since PVC is used in some cases and PET or other materials in other cases, which raises problems as regards their separation in terms of the material from which they are made.
At present there are very few machines able to wash and mutually separate bottles, or containers in general, supplied in bulk or to remove the contaminant bodies accompanying them and very few machines enabling identification of the bottles in terms of the plastic material from which they are made.
Those machines which do exist are structurally and operationally complex and somewhat inadequate from the point of view of efficiency and production capacity as they are able to process only a limited number of bottles at a time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the invention is therefore to provide a machine for the recycling of plastic bottles and containers in general which is structurally simple and able to wash the bottles or other containers and to separate them from one another and from contaminant bodies such as labels, stoppers and bases efficiently and with a high production output.
A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of the type described above which is also able to identify the bottles (or containers in general) as a function of the plastic material from which they are made.
In accordance with the invention these objects are achieved with a machine essentially characterized in that it comprises a hollow rotary body of large dimensions which may be loaded with the containers to be recycled, means for supplying washing fluid at a predetermined temperature to the rotary body for the mutual separation and washing of the containers and the initial separation of labels and bases and mechanical impact means housed in the rotary body and actuated by the rotation of this body so as to exert on the containers a mechanical action suitable for the mutual separation of the containers themselves, the separation of the stoppers and the completion of the washing and label and dreg removal operation.
It has been possible to verify that the combined action of the washing fluid, for instance hot water, superheated water or steam with or without chemical additives, preferably sprayed on the containers in order to increase the mechanical action, and the mechanical impact means, for instance mechanical blades rigid with the rotary body, moving weights connected to a fixed support housed in the rotary body or to this rotary body but oscillating with respect thereto, floating spheres or like means, provides optimum results as regards the mutual separation of the containers, their washing and the separation of the labels, bases, stoppers and any other contaminant bodies.
More precisely, the containers supplied in bulk are separated by the combined hydraulic and mechanical action and are washed internally and externally thereby eliminating any trace of dirt. The label and base adhesive is dissolved by the washing fluid, especially when at high temperature, and if the labels are of paper they are reduced to pulp for the same reason. If the labels are of thermo-extensible plastic, however, the heat imparted causes them to expand and therefore become detached from the container. The mechanical action facilitates and completes the separation of labels and bases and promotes the separation of the stoppers. If the containers are of different plastic materials, for instance PVC and PET, the fluid supplied, especially if appropria
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Dayoan D. Glenn
Previero N. s.r.1.
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