Education and demonstration – Anatomy – physiology – therapeutic treatment – or surgery... – Anatomical representation
Patent
1993-03-11
1993-11-30
Mancene, Gene
Education and demonstration
Anatomy, physiology, therapeutic treatment, or surgery...
Anatomical representation
434267, G09B 2328
Patent
active
052660354
ABSTRACT:
The present invention is a material and method of making the material that exhibits improved radiation attenuation simulation of real lungs, i.e., an "authentic lung tissue" or ALT phantom.
Specifically, the ALT phantom is a two-part polyurethane medium density foam mixed with calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate if needed for K-40 background, lanthanum nitrate, acetone, and a nitrate or chloride form of a radionuclide. This formulation is found to closely match chemical composition and linear attenuation of real lungs.
The ALT phantom material is made according to established procedures but without adding foaming agents or preparing thixotropic concentrate and with a modification for ensuring uniformity of density of the ALT phantom that is necessary for accurate simulation. The modification is that the polyurethane chemicals are mixed at a low temperature prior to pouring the polyurethane mixture into the mold.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4164526 (1979-08-01), Clay et al.
"Applied X-ray" (Textbook), Clark QC/481/C47, 1955, 4th Ed., p. 176.
"Science News Letter", Jul. 23, 1949, p. 53.
D. R. White, Phantoms and Computational Models in Therapy, Diagnosis & Protection, ICRU News, Jun. 1991.
R. V. Griffith, et al., Fabrication of a Tissue--Equivalent Torso Phantom . . . Intercalibration . . . Preprint UCRL-80343, Apr. 3, 1978.
R. V. Griffith, unpublished letter to H. E. Palmer, Jun. 3, 1980.
K. L. Swinth, Tabulation of Photon Interaction Coefficients for International Atomic Energy Agency Intercomparison Tissue Substitutes, 8 pages.
Gordon N. Ross
Olsen Peter C.
Simmons Kevin L.
Battelle (Memorial Institute)
Mancene Gene
Smith Jeffrey A.
Zimmerman Paul W.
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