Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Elemental metal or boron – or alloyed metal
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-02
2001-06-12
Johnson, Jerry D. (Department: 1764)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Elemental metal or boron, or alloyed metal
C508S123000, C508S150000, C508S181000, C508S589000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06245721
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND AND FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to lubrication additives and more particularly relates to a novel and improved lubrication additive composition characterized by its anti-oxidant and anti-wear properties and is particularly adaptable for use in internal combustion engines to substantially reduce friction between metal surfaces and to realize increased mileage.
Lubrication additive formulations have been devised to promote improved lubrication in various applications, such as, internal combustion engines. In the past, these have included the use of chlorinated paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils, as well as various types of wetting/lubrication aids. Moreover, it has been proposed to use minute metal particles suspended in a petroleum based oil in the formulation of a lubrication additive for internal combustion engines and reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,204,968 for lubricant additive which is incorporated by reference herein. By way of illustration, for an automobile crank case application, the '968 patent discloses a formulation of one to two ounces of metal particles, 20 microns or smaller, made up of 60% copper, 40% lead, three to four ounces of a 40 w high premium motor oil together with a small amount of grease to maintain the metal particles in suspension.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,856 to Jamison is directed to a solid lubrication additive containing metal particles in combination with a polymeric carrier and a tackifier to increase adhesion of the additive materials with metal surfaces. It is believed however that the tackifier may actually increase the drag between the opposing metal surfaces, particularly at lower temperatures. As a solid lubricant composition, Jamison is intended more for use in coating external wear surfaces, such as, the wheel flanges on a railcar.
Although the hereinbefore described metal particle-containing additives have performed adequately, there is a continuing need to provide a metal particle-containing additive of the type described with improved anti-friction, anti-oxidant and anti-wear properties. More specifically, as applied to its primary intended application as a crank case oil or transmission oil, it is important to enhance the anti-friction and lubricating properties of the additive by providing better wetting and coating of the appropriate metal surfaces while being capable of sustaining its performance at extreme pressure and temperature levels. In this setting, it is also highly desirable to avoid the use of phosphate compounds as an ingredient in the additive.
Accordingly, there is a continuing need for a novel and improved liquid lubricant additive which when added to engine oil or transmission oil products has the ability to coat metal surfaces over wide temperature and pressure ranges, such as for example, coating the relatively moving metal surfaces of an internal combustion engine; also to provide improved anti-friction, anti-oxidant, anti-wear properties in the oil into which it is introduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide for a novel and improved liquid lubricant additive composition which is conformable for use in a wide range of applications.
It is another object of the present invention to provide for a novel and improved lubricant composition which is liquid at room temperature, capable of wetting relatively moving metal surfaces during operation while promoting lubrication and decreasing the rate of oxidation of hydrocarbon oils.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide for a novel and improved lubrication additive composition having excellent anti-friction, anti-oxidant and anti-wear properties leading to improved performance and extended service life while promoting increased mileage in internal combustion engines.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant additive composition that protects rubbing, relatively moving metal surfaces with adequate wetting and lubrication in combination with metal particles that will plate or smear onto the metal surfaces; and further wherein the metal particles are capable of acting much in the nature of ball bearings and are characterized by vastly improved wear properties when used in combination with selected liquid lubricant compounds.
The present invention resides in a novel and improved liquid lubricant additive formulation which comprises the following composition in wt. %:
33-65 naphthenic oil;
2-24 paraffinic oil;
30-50 chlorinated paraffin;
up to 2 wetting and lubrication aid;
up to 2 anti-oxidant; and
up to 7 anti-oxidant and anti-wear additive.
In a modified but alternate preferred form of invention, a liquid lubricant additive formulation comprises the following composition in wt. %:
20-65 naphthenic oils;
25-50 chlorinated paraffins;
2-40 paraffin oils;
up to 11 grease;
up to 60 selected from the group consisting of soft, malleable metal powders and metal soaps;
up to 7 anti-wear/anti-oxidant agents;
up to 2 anti-oxidant agents; and
up to 2 wetting aids.
From the foregoing, there are two distinct but related types of anti-friction lubrication additives in accordance with the present invention: one type is a group of formulations without solid lubricant ingredients and the other type includes solid lubricant ingredients, such as, metal powders, or metal soaps of fatty acids. The formulations without solid lubricant ingredients have demonstrated advantages over the prior art including reduced wear and friction during testing and consequent lack of heat buildup to the metal surfaces during friction tests. The formulations with the solid lubricant ingredients, particularly those containing metal powders, such as, copper, lead and zinc, also demonstrated reduced wear and friction during testing as well as increased gasoline mileage.
There has been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent construction insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more readily appreciated and understood from a consideration of the following detailed description of preferred forms of the present invention.
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Chun Peter
Elverum John A.
Johnson Jerry D.
Reilly John E.
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