Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Heterocyclic ring compound; a heterocyclic ring is one...
Reexamination Certificate
1994-07-15
2001-09-25
Medley, Margaret (Department: 1714)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Heterocyclic ring compound; a heterocyclic ring is one...
C508S391000, C508S577000, C508S583000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06294506
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Viscosity increase due to soot accumulation in the oil can cause severe damage to diesel engines as a result of slow drainage of oil back to the sump, gelation of the oil in the sump, or filter plugging, all of which can result in reduced oil flow to critical bearings and oil-cooled parts, such as pistons.
Rust inhibition is also a key performance parameter for lubricating oils. Poor rust inhibiting properties can result in stuck valve lifters, impairing the operation of the engine.
Sulfurized, carbonated, calcium alkylphenates are well known detergents for lubricating oils, including heavy duty diesel crankcase applications. They provide certain advantages over other types of metallic detergents, specifically sulfonates, in that they impart oxidation protection to the lubricating oil. Unfortunately, formulations based solely on sulfurized, carbonated, calcium alkylphenates as the overbased detergent are deficient in rust inhibition, and are usually formulated with special rust inhibitors. These inhibitors add cost to the formulation and can sometimes cause compatibility problems with the other additives in the lubricating oil formulation.
We have discovered that a certain combination of a carbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenate and a carbonated metal alkyl aryl sulfonate gives both good soot dispersancy and good rust inhibition.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,770 teaches a diesel lubricating oil with basic sulfonates or basic phenates, in combination with a dialkylthiophosphate. Sulfonates and phenates are used as alternatives, not mixtures.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,328,111 teaches a diesel lubricating oil with the reaction product of a basic compound (overbased metal sulfonate, phenate, or mixture thereof) with a phosphorus-containing material. The mixture of phonate and sulfonate is not discussed in the specification and is not found in the examples.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,938,881 teaches a diesel lubricating oil with a carboxylic dispersant, a salt of sulfonic or carboxylic acid, a dithiophosphoric acid, and a carboxylic ester derivative. It can also contain a salt of a sulfur acid, phosphorus acid, carboxylic acid, phenol, or mixtures thereof. The preferred salt is of an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,071,576 teaches a mixture of overbased phenate and overbased alkyl aryl sulfonate. The sulfonate has at least one long chain alkyl group (greater than 40 carbon atoms). Up to 85% of the base can be contributed by the phenate.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,202,036, which is similar to U.S. Pat. No. 4,938,881, teaches a diesel lubricating oil with a carboxylic dispersant and a salt of acidic organic compound. The salt can be of sulfur acid, phosphorus acid, carboxylic acid, phenol, or mixtures thereof. The preferred salt is of an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid.
EP Patent Application 552892-A1 teaches a diesel lubricating oil with zinc dithiophosphate, an antioxidant, an overbased metal sulfurized phenate, and a metal alkyl aromatic sulfonate. Preferably, the phenate constitutes from 50 wt. % to 80 wt. % of the phenate/sulfonate, but the sulfonate is not overbased.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition having a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of a carbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenate, and a minor amount of a carbonated metal alkyl aryl sulfonate.
It is based in part on the discovery that the soot dispersancy of the composition is superior when the total base equivalents donated by the phenate is more than 85% of the total base equivalents donated by the phenate and sulfonate. Preferably, the total base equivalents donated by the phenate is at least 90% of the total base equivalents donated by the phenate and sulfonate.
Preferably, the carbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenate is highly basic, with a total base number (TBN) of from 175 to 300, and a base ratio of metal to alkyl phenate of from 1.1:1 to 4:1. The molar ratio of carbonate to total metallic base is at least 0.4:1, preferably 0.5:1 to 0.75:1. The alkyl phenate portion of the molecule is derived from a monoalkylphenol, the alkyl group containing from about 9 to 28 carbon atoms.
Preferably, the carbonated metal alkyl aryl sulfonate is a carbonated magnesium sulfonate with a total base number of at least 175, most preferably 300 to 400, with a base ratio of metal to sulfonate of at least 8 1 and most preferably 11:1 to 35:1.
In one embodiment, the lubricating oil has a unique class of modified polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide compounds prepared from the succinimide reaction product of (1) an alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride derived from a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 2000 to about 2700 and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) to Mn ratio of about 1 to about 5; and (2) a polyalkylene polyamine having greater than 4 nitrogen atoms per mole. The modified succinimide of the present invention are obtained by post-treating the succinimide reaction product with a cyclic carbonate.
The carbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenate, carbonated metal alkyl aryl sulfonate, and succinimide dispersant can be used in combination with a noncarbonated metal sulfonate, an oxidation inhibitor, a viscosity index improver; and a zinc dithiophosphate.
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Friesen Terry V.
Harrison James J.
Ruhe, Jr. William R.
Chevron Chemical Company
Medley Margaret
Schaal Ernest A.
Stumpf Walter L.
Toomer Cephia D.
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