Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Nitrogen and heavy metal – or nitrogen and aluminum – in the...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-27
2001-12-11
McAvoy, Ellen M. (Department: 1764)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Nitrogen and heavy metal, or nitrogen and aluminum, in the...
C508S371000, C508S375000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06329327
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lubricant and to a lubricating composition.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, automobile regulations such as regulations regarding fuel consumption and exhaust emissions have become more and more severe. The reasons behind this are environmental problems such as global warming, air pollution, acid rain or the like, and protection of resources out of concern regarding depletion of finite petroleum energy resources. As a countermeasure, reducing fuel consumption is the most effective solution at present.
When reducing automobile fuel consumption, i.e., when improving fuel consumption, improvements in engine oil such as lowering engine oil viscosity in order to reduce engine friction loss, adding good friction regulators or the like are just as important as improvements in the automobile itself such as lightening automobile bodies, improvements in engines, etc. Although, engine oil acts as a lubricant between a piston and a liner, this is where there is a lot of hydrodynamic lubrication. Lowering engine oil viscosity can therefore decrease frictional losses. However, even though lowering engine oil viscosity has been proposed in recent years, lowering the viscosity of the lubricant causes problems such as defective sealing and increased wear. Engine oil plays an important role in lubricating valve train, bearings and the like where mixed lubrication and boundary lubrication are mostly employed. Therefore, lowering the viscosity of the engine oil causes increased wear. Friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents or the like are added thereto in order to decrease the friction loss and prevent the wear that accompanies a lowering of engine oil viscosity.
Generally, organic molybdenum compounds are added to different types of lubricant oil due to their excellent friction reducing properties. Such compounds are especially effective in engine oil for reducing fuel consumption, which makes them an essential additive for fuel consumption reducing oil. Even though fuel consumption reducing oil exhibits superior properties when new, this is not sufficient for superior fuel consumption reducing oil. Superior fuel consumption reducing oil must maintain fuel consumption reducing properties for long periods of time. Accordingly, an important characteristic for current fuel consumption reducing oil is whether the friction reducing effect can be maintained for a long period of time.
One of the organic molybdenum compounds is a molybdenum amine compound obtained by reacting an inorganic molybdenum compound such as molybdenum trioxide with a secondary amine as, for example, described in Japanese Patent Publications Nos. 5-62639, and 6-4866. In general, a secondary amine having a relatively short chain such as di(2-ethylhexyl)amine is widely used.
Through extensive research, the present inventors have discovered that a molybdenum compound having a relatively long hydrocarbon group has excellent oxidation stability and can maintain it for long periods of time upon being mixed into a lubricating base, and they have thus completed the invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a lubricant, comprising a molybdenum amine compound obtained by reacting a compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom with an amine represented by the following formula (1):
wherein each of R
1
to R
3
represents a hydrogen atom and/or a hydrocarbon group, and at least one of R
1
to R
3
is a chain hydrocarbon group having 14 or more carbon atoms;
or the following formula (2)
wherein R
4
represents a chain hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms, s represents 0 or 1, X and/or Y represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an alkanol group or an alkyl amino group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and both X and Y are not hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon groups when s is 0.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The lubricant of the present invention is a molybdenum amine compound obtained by reacting a compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom with a primary, secondary or tertiary amine represented by the formula (1) or the formula (2). Examples of the compound containing the hexavalent molybdenum atom include molybdenum trioxides or hydrates thereof (MoO
3
.nH
2
O), molybdenum acid (H
2
MoO
4
), alkali metal molybdates (M
2
MoO
4
) wherein M represents an alkali metal such as sodium and potassium, ammonium molybdates {(NH
4
)
2
MoO
4
or (NH
4
)
6
[Mo
7
O
24
].4H
2
O}, MoOCl
4
, MoO
2
Cl
2
, MoO
2
Br
2
, Mo
2
O
3
Cl
6
and the like. Molybdenum trioxides or hydrates thereof, molybdenum acid, alkali metal molybdates and ammonium molybdates are preferable because of their availability.
In the formula (1), each of R
1
to R
3
represents a hydrogen atom and/or a hydrocarbon group. At least one of the R
1
to R
3
is a chain hydrocarbon group having 14 or more carbon atoms. Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group and an alkenyl group. Specific examples of the alkyl or alkenyl group having 14 or more carbon atoms include tetradecyl, secondary tetradecyl, tetradecenyl, hexadecyl, secondary hexadecyl, hexadecenyl, stearyl, oleyl, icocyl, dococyl, tetracocyl, hexacocyl, octacocyl, triacontyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, 2-decyltetradecyl, 2-dodecylhexadecyl, 2-hexadecyloctadecyl, 2-tetradecyloctadecyl, monomethyl branched isostearyl and the like.
Specific examples of the amine represented by the formula (1) include monoalkyl (or alkenyl) amines such as tetradecylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, beef tallow alkylamine, hardened beef tallow alkylamine, and soybean oil alkylamine; dialkyl(or alkenyl)amines such as N-tetradecylmethylamine, N-pentadecylmethylamine, N-hexadecylmethylamine, N-stearylmethylamine, N-oleylmethylamine, N-dococylmethylamine, N-beef tallow alkyl methylamine, N-hardened beef tallow alkyl methylamine, N-soybean oil alkyl methylamine, ditetradecylamine, dipentadecylaimne, dihexadecylamine, distearylamine, dioleylamine, didococylamine, bis(2-hexyldecyl)amine, bis(2-octyldodecyl)amine, bis(2-decyltetradecyl)amine, beef tallow dialkylamine, hardened beef tallow dialkylamine, and soybean oil dialkylamine; and trialkyl(or alkenyl)amines such as tetradecyldimethylamine, hexadecyldimethylamine, octadecyldimethylamine, beef tallow alkyldimethylamine, hardened beef tallow alkyldimethylamine, soybean oil alkyldimethylamine, dioleylmethylamine, tritetradecylamine, tristearylamine, and trioleylamine. Among these amines represented by the formula (1), secondary amines having two alkyl (or alkenyl) groups with 14 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable.
In the formula (2), R
4
represents a chain hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms. Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms include an alkyl group having 10 to 13 carbon atoms such as decyl, secondary decyl, undecyl, secondary undecyl, dodecyl, secondary dodecyl, tridecyl, isotridecyl, and secondary tridecyl other than the alkyl or alkenyl groups having 14 or more carbon atoms as described above.
In the formula (2), s represents 0 or 1.
X and/or Y represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon atom, an alkanol group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl amino. Examples of the alkanol group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms include an ethanol group, an isopropanol group, a 2-butanol group, a 1-methyl-2-propanol group, a 2-methyl-2-propanol. The alkylamino group is represented by the following formula (4):
—[(CH
2
)
a
NM]
b
M (4)
wherein a represents 2 to 6, b represents 1 or more, and M represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or an alkanol group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. In the formula (2), when s is 0, X and Y are not hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon groups at the same time.
When s is 1, examples of the amine represented by the formula (2) include primary amines such as 2-hydroxydodecylamine, 2-hydroxytetradecylamine, 2-hydroxyhexadecylamine, 2-hydroxy
Fukushima Aritoshi
Miyashita Atsuo
Morita Kazuhisa
Saito Yoko
Tanaka Noriyoshi
Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K.
McAvoy Ellen M.
Sughrue Mion Zinn Macpeak & Seas, PLLC
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