Mineral oils: processes and products – Chemical conversion of hydrocarbons – Cracking
Patent
1998-06-19
2000-10-24
Griffin, Walter D.
Mineral oils: processes and products
Chemical conversion of hydrocarbons
Cracking
208108, 208110, 208112, 2081113, 20811135, C10G 4702, C10G 4712, C10G 4704
Patent
active
061361798
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally directed to an improved process for the hydroconversion or hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstocks, heavy whole petroleum crude and heavy refinery residues. A stable process is achieved at reduced pressure by the inclusion of an oil soluble Group VI-B metal compound in the reactor feed. The process is preferably conducted at a total reactor pressure no greater than about 13,200 kPa (1900 psig) and preferably from about 9065 kPa (1300 psig) to about 11,822 kPa (1700 psig).
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
It is generally desired in the petroleum industry to convert heavy hydrocarbon oil, that is petroleum fractions having an atmospheric boiling point above about 565.degree. C. (1050.degree. F.), into lighter hydrocarbons which have higher economic value. In addition, the petroleum industry continues to desire a process that can convert heavy whole petroleum crude oil to lighter crude oil which has a substantially reduced amount of heavy hydrocarbon oil content. Other advantages sought through the treatment of heavy hydrocarbon oil, heavy whole petroleum crude oil and other similar feeds, particularly high boiling petroleum refinery residues, include hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrogenitrogenation (HDN), carbon residue reduction (CRR), hydrodemetallation (HDM) and sediment reduction.
Hydroconversion processes, also known and referred to herein as hydrocracking, achieve the above noted goals by reacting the feed oil with hydrogen gas in the presence of a heterogeneous transition metal catalyst. The heterogeneous transition metal catalyst is typically supported on high surface area refractory oxides such as alumina, silica, alumino-silicates, and others which should be known to one skilled in the art. Such catalyst supports have complex surface pore structure which may include pores that are relatively small in diameter (i.e. micropores) and pores that are relatively large in diameter (i.e. macropores) which effect the reaction characteristics of the catalyst. A considerable amount of research into changing the properties of hydroconversion catalysts by modifying the pore sizes, pore size distribution, pore size ratios and other aspects of the catalyst surface has resulted in the achievement of many of the aforementioned goals of hydroconversion.
An excellent example of such achievements is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,908 Nelson et al. in which a supported catalyst achieves good levels of hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feeds to products having an atmospheric boiling point less than 538.degree. C. (1000.degree. F.). Simultaneously, the catalyst and process disclosed produces a liquid having an atmospheric boiling point greater than 343.degree. C. (650.degree. F.) with a low sediment content and a product having an atmospheric boiling point greater than 538.degree. C. (1000.degree. F.) having a low sulfur content. The catalyst includes a Group VIII non-noble metal oxide and a Group VI-B metal oxide supported on alumina. The alumina support is characterized as having a total Surface Area of 150-240 m.sup.2 /g, a Total Pore volume (TPV) of 0.7 to 0.98, and a Pore Diameter Distribution in which .ltoreq.20% of the TPV is present as primary micropores having diameters less than or equal to 100 .ANG., at least about 34% of the TPV is present as secondary micropores having diameters from about 100 .ANG. to 200 .ANG. and about 26% to 46% of the TPV is present as macropores having diameters greater than 200 .ANG..
Another method to substantially achieve some of the above noted goals of the hydroconversion of heavy oil feeds is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,581 Aldrich et al. As is disclosed by this reference, a dispersible or decomposable catalyst precursor along with hydrogen gas, preferably containing hydrogen sulfide, is added to the heavy oil feed and the mixture heated under pressure to form a catalyst concentrate. This catalyst concentrate is then added to the bulk of the heavy oil feed which is introduced into a hydroconversion
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Porter Michael Kevin
Sherwood, Jr. David Edward
Griffin Walter D.
Nguyen Tam M.
Reinisch Morris N.
Texaco Inc.
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