Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or... – The polynucleotide alters fat – fatty oil – ester-type wax – or...
Patent
1995-11-01
1999-02-02
Fox, David T.
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or...
The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or...
800230, 800255, 800DIG17, 800DIG69, 426 44, 426622, 426629, 426630, 426635, 426656, A01H 500, A01H 510, A01H 106, C12N 1501
Patent
active
058667628
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to Brassica seeds, meal, plant lines and progeny thereof having a reduced level of glucosinolates.
Canola meal is widely employed as a protein supplement in animal feed. The feeding value of canola meal is reduced due to the anti-nutritive effects of the breakdown products of the glucosinolates, which reduce feed intake and growth in non-ruminant animals. Glucosinolates in the seed are broken down during the extraction process by the enzyme myrosinase to form isothiocyanates and nitriles. These breakdown products may also inhibit thyroid function, leading to goiter.
The feed value of canola meal can be improved by reducing or eliminating glucosinolates from canola seeds. Typical glucosinolate levels in canola meal and seed are disclosed in the following references: 1) Shahidi et al. Journal of Food Quality, 11, 421-431 (1989), and 2) Lichter et al., Plant Breeding 100, 209-221 (1988) and 3) Kraling et al., Plant Breeding, 105, 33-39 (1990). The typical range for the glucosinolates content of conventional B. napus double low canola varieties in .mu.mol/g of seed at 40%. oil content and 8.5% moisture is as follows:
______________________________________ 2-hydroxy 3-butenyl glucosinolate
2.40-7.32
allyl glucosinolate 0-1.16
2-hydroxy 4-pentenyl glucosinolate
0-0.43
3-butenyl glucosinolate
1.65-3.44
4-hydroxy 3-indolymethyl glucosinolate
2.60-4.40
4-pentenyl glucosinolate
0-1.14
3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate
0-4.18
Total glucosinolates 12.06-18.23
______________________________________
By creating specific mutations in the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, mutations at various steps in the pathway may be combined to reduce the total glucosinolate levels in finished varieties. A. B. rapa line (BC86-18) with low glucosinolates levels has been identified via selection by Bell et al., Can: J. Animal Sci., 71, 497-506 (1991). However, the variability in glucosinolates content of B. napus germplasm is limited. The present invention provides B. napus lines, seeds, and meal having a reduced level of glucosinolates.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a seed comprising a Brassica napus canola variety having a maximum content of glucosinolates of about 3.4 .mu. mol/g seed and belonging to a line in which said glucosinolate content has been stabilized for both the generation to which the seed belongs and its parent generation and progeny thereof.
The present invention further comprises a plant line comprising a Brassica napus canola variety which produces seeds having a maximum content of glucosinolates of about 3.4 .mu. mol/g seed and in which said glucosinolate content is stabilized for both the generation to which the seed belongs and its parent generation.
The present invention further comprises a canola meal derived from the above-described seeds. This canola meal has a maximum-content of glucosinolates of 5.7 .mu. mol/g of oil free meal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows the biosynthetic pathway of Major Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Brassica.
FIG. 2 shows the general experimental scheme for developing lines with stable lowered glucosinolate mutations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides seeds, meal and plant lines having a reduced level of glucosinolates generated by creating specific mutations in the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway. FIG. 1 depicts the biosynthetic pathway of major aliphatic glucosinolates in Brassica.
As used herein, a "line" is a group of plants that display little or no genetic variation between individuals for at least one trait. Such lines may be created by several generations of self-pollination and selection, or vegetative propagation from a single parent using tissue or cell culture techniques. As used herein, the term "variety" refers to a line which is used for commercial production.
As used herein, "mutation" refers to a detectable and heritable genetic change not caused by segregation or genetic recombination. "Mutant" refers to an indivi
REFERENCES:
patent: 5077071 (1991-12-01), Strop
Auld et al., Crop Science, 31:1711-1712, 1991.
Bell et al., Can. J. Anim. Sci., 71:497-506, 1991.
Kraling et al., Plant Breeding, 105:33-39, 1990.
Lichter et al., Plant Breeding, 100:209-221, 1988.
Love et al., Can. J. Plant Sci., 70:419-424, 1990.
F. Shahidi, J. of Food Quality, 11:421-431, 1989.
Haughn et al., "Biochemical Genetics of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana.sup.1 ", Plant Physiol., 97:217-226 (1991).
Ibrahim et al., "Engineering Altered Glucosinolate Biosynthesis By Two Alternative Strategies", Genetic Engineering of Plant Secondary Metabolism, 28:125-152 (1994).
Duan et al., "Glucosinolates in Seeds and Residues" Analysis of Oilseeds, Facts and Fatty Foods, Rossell & Pritchard (Eds.), Elsevier Applied Science, New York, NY, pp. 184-225 (1991).
1989-90 National Winter Rapeseed Variety Trial Miscellaneous Series Bulletin 140, published by the University of Idaho.
Calhoun, W. et al., Crop Science 23:184-185 (1983).
Shpota, V.I., Proc. 7th Intl. Rapeseed Congress 1987, pp. 560-565.
Pleines, et al., Proc. 7th Intl. Rapeseed Congress 1987, p. 23.
Rakow et al. 1973. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 50: 400-403.
Ram et al. 1988. Proc. World Conf. Biotechnol. Fats Oils Ind., AOCS: Champaign, IL, pp. 65-71.
Choesin et al. 1991. Am. J. Bot. 78(8):1083-1090.
Debonte Lorin Roger
Fan Zhegong
Cargill Incorporated
Fox David T.
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