Power plants – Combustion products used as motive fluid – Combustion products generator
Patent
1991-12-26
1994-11-22
Bertsch, Richard A.
Power plants
Combustion products used as motive fluid
Combustion products generator
60746, 60748, 239126, 239400, F02C 100, F02G 300
Patent
active
053657381
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a low emission combustion nozzle. More particularly, the invention relates to a combustion nozzle for controlling the combustible air to be mixed with the fuel to control the air to fuel ratio.
2. Background Art
The use of fossil fuel as the combustible fuel in gas turbine engines results in the combustion products of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, smoke and particulates, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. Of these above products, carbon dioxide and water vapor are considered normal and unobjectionable. In most applications, governmental imposed regulation are further restricting the amount of pollutants being emitted in the exhaust gases.
In the past the majority of the products of combustion have been controlled by design modifications. For example, at the present time smoke has normally been controlled by design modifications in the combustor, particulates are normally controlled by traps and filters, and sulfur oxides are normally controlled by the selection of fuels being low in total sulfur. This leaves carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides as the emissions of primary concern in the exhaust gases being emitted from the gas turbine engine.
Oxides of nitrogen are produced in two ways in conventional combustion systems. For example, oxides of nitrogen are formed at high temperatures within the combustion zone by the direct combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen and by the presence of organic nitrogen in the fuel. The rates with which nitrogen oxides form depend upon the flame temperature and, consequently, a small reduction in flame temperature can result in a large reduction in the nitrogen oxides.
Past and some present systems providing means for reducing the maximum temperature in the combustion zone of a gas turbine combustor have included schemes for introducing more air at the primary combustion zone, recirculating cooled exhaust products into the combustion zone and injecting water spray into the combustion zone. An example of such a system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,527 issued on Mar. 29, 1988 to Harry A. Kidd. The method and apparatus disclosed therein automatically maintains the NOx emissions at a substantially constant level during all ambient conditions and for no load to full load fuel flows. The water/fuel ratio is calculated for a substantially constant level of NOx emissions at the given operating conditions and, knowing the actual fuel flow to the gas turbine, a signal is generated representing the water metering valve position necessary to inject the proper water flow into the combustor to achieve the desired water/fuel ratio.
An injector nozzle used with a water injection system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,151 issued on Jul. 15, 1986 to Jerome R. Bradley. The injector nozzle disclosed includes an annular shroud means operatively associated with a plurality of sleeve means one inside the other in spaced apart relation. The sleeve means form a liquid fuel-receiving chamber, a water or auxiliary fuel-receiving chamber inside the liquid fuel-receiving chamber for discharging water or auxiliary fuel in addition or alternatively to the liquid fuel, an inner air-receiving chamber for receiving and directing compressor discharge air into the fuel spray cone and/or water or auxiliary fuel to mix therewith from the chamber for receiving and directing other compressor discharge air into the fuel spray cone and/or water or auxiliary fuel from the outside for mixing purposes.
Another example of a fuel injector for a gas turbine engine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,568 issued on Aug. 7, 1984 to Jeffrey D. Willis et al. In this patent, a dual fuel injector is arranged to maintain pre-determined air fuel ratios in adjacent upstream and downstream opposite handed vortices and to reduce the deposition of carbon on the injector. The injector comprises a central duct, a deflecting member, a first radially directed outlet, and a shroud which defines an
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Bertsch Richard A.
Cain Larry G.
Richman Howard R.
Solar Turbines Incorporated
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