Internal-combustion engines – Spark ignition timing control – Centrifugal timing mechanism
Reexamination Certificate
2001-04-27
2003-11-04
Vo, Hieu T. (Department: 3747)
Internal-combustion engines
Spark ignition timing control
Centrifugal timing mechanism
C123S193400, C123S1960CP, C123S386000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06640779
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a low cost new internal combustion engine with increased mechanical efficiency, fuel saver and pollution controlled and in particular, a new internal combustion engine having an improved lubricating mechanism so as to increase mechanical efficiency, diminution of wear, elimination of destructive heating together with an introduction of earlier ignition/injection system thereby getting extra time to burn the fuel without knock and noise due to increase in mechanical octane/cetane numbers of engines resulting in achieving increased fuel economy with exhausts/end products leaving the system thereby control pollutants.
This low cost new internal combustion engine technology ({fraction (2/4)} cycle) finds wide applications for automotive including racing, locomotive, marine, industrial, agricultural, aeronautical fields and all other piston-type reciprocating new as well as old in-use internal combustion engine giving real performance benefits to the user.
BACKGROUND ART
It may here now be reflected that till date developments in internal combustion engines are based on expensive materials and high cost technology like engine management system and also by using costly petroleum based Fuels, lubricants with formulated additive packages for achieving better fuel economy, performance and reduction of tail pipe emissions.
A major concern today is to improve fuel efficiency, by adding additive packages or concentrates to the compositions of fuels, lubricants for reducing friction, emissions, deposits, knock, vapour lock, corrosion, valves recession and for improving spark enhancing,ignition quality, cleaning in internal combustion engines which are safe for environmental and economically attractive. However the addition of additives causes the misapprehension of fuel and lubricant and deteriorates internal combustion engines. Fuel economy, Safety, Performance and Emission are formed varying from engine to engine of similar category.
In practice, it is observed that at present in internal combustion engine some inner surface of the cylindrical bearing are lubricated by providing circular oil groove at the centre of bearings and/or with oil pockets. As a result of insufficient lubrication, wear begins from the very first day itself caused by the rubbing velocity at the instant of starting as the oil film formation depends on the squeezed oil quantity entering the clearance volume either from pressure feed or splash system. Trlbology includes the relationship between friction, lubrication and wear. The friction between rotating, oscillating, sliding, rotary, reciprocating and intermittent reciprocating contacting parts can be drastically reduced by the presence of lubricating films between contacting surfaces. The function of lubricant is to separate appropriately the two contacting surfaces and so reduce both mechanical and fluid friction.
It is further noticed that the interfaces between crankshaft main journal—main insert bearing, crankshaft big end journal—connecting rod big end insert bearing, connecting rod small end—piston pin, piston boss—piston pin, piston and rings—cylinder liner, cam-follower, rocker arm pivot-rocker arm shaft, rocker arm pad—valve stem, push rod joints, tappet—tappet bore and others, are subjected to high load with moderate relative velocity and designed to operate in the hydrodynamic, transient and boundary lubrication regime. Hydrodynamic regime will be effective only with respect to rotational inertia forces of components. However, fluctuating inertia forces of reciprocating masses and enormous gas pressure acting on the piston crown, piston pin and small end causes engine bearing load fluctuations and ultimately affects the hydrodynamic lubrication regime. In addition, during stop and go operations and at the moment of starting the engine from rest or just prior to coming to rest, the hydrodynamic lubrication regime shifts through transient lubrication regime and then to boundary lubrication regime as rotational speed decreases, inducing high frictional forces in the interface causing rubbing velocity and wear. The interface connecting rod small end—piston pin and piston pin—piston boss does not enjoy continuous rotation motion and absence of hydrodynamic lubrication regime is significant and only acceptable lubrication due to upper and lower reversals.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a low cost new internal combustion engine with increased mechanical efficiency, fuel saver and pollution controlled, which is novel in its construction and obviates all disadvantages and drawbacks associated with the internal combustion engine which is simple in its construction, cheap in original costs and most important is its wide applications for automotive including racing, locomotive, marine, industrial, agricultural, aeronautical fields and all other piston-type reciprocating engine as well as in old in-use internal combustion engine giving real performance benefits to the user.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a low cost new internal combustion engine which saves fuel considerably and controls pollutant/cleaner combustion end products/exhausts.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a low cost new internal combustion engine having a novel lubrication system to maintain adequate hydrodynamic lubrication regime for proper lubrication, good stability, sufficient cooling, build high film strength to resist fatigue stress, avoid incipient wear, reduce friction and thereby increase fuel efficiency, safety, performance and reduce exhaust emission.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide low cost new internal combustion engine which is having a closed continuous lubricating oil grooves at pressure feed zone and open ended grooves for splash feed zone on the cylindrical interface of the contacting parts to achieve high film strength without affecting the load bearing capacity for reducing friction.
A still another object of the present invention is to provide a low cost new internal combustion engine which is having various types of oil grooves namely, helical, spiral, circular, curved, straight and the nature of grooves are cross-cut, parallel, continuous or a combination thereof depending on the nature of relative motions and loading.
Yet a still another object of the present invention is to provide a low cost new internal combustion engine wherein by incorporating above said lubrication patterns the physical and chemical delays are reduced thereby enabling the engine to bum the formulated fuel without knock and combustion noise and increases mechanical octane/cetane numbers.
Another further object of the present invention is to provide a low cost new internal combustion engine which facilitates the rise of low octane/cetane rating fuels reducing requirements of additives involving use of low cost fuels.
A still another further object of the present invention is to provide a low cost new internal combustion engine which facilitates the use of low grade lubricant oil without certain additives making it cheaper in cost.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Keeping the above objects in mind, the present invention thus provides a low cost internal combustion engine with increased mechanical efficiency, fuel saver and pollution controlled comprises main insert bearing which support a crankshaft having rotary motion for converting sliding motion of piston(s) due to pressure of combustion system; the said crankshaft is connected to the said piston through a connecting rod without or with cross head and piston pin; the said connecting rod whose big end attached to the said crankshaft by big end insert bearings for rotary motion and small end attached to said piston pin through connecting rod small end bush or directly for transmitting oscillating motion and the said piston pin connected directly to the piston pin bosses of the said piston having piston skirt for guiding inside the cylinder bore for reciprocating motions; camshaft driven by the said cr
Hoang Johnny H.
Shippey Michael A.
Vo Hieu T.
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