Low chlorine, low ash crankcase lubricant

Details Low chlorine, low ash crankcase lubricant Low chlorine, low ash crankcase lubricant

1998-03-25

1999-09-28

Howard, Jacqueline V.

Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se

Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...

Compound of indeterminate structure, prepared by reacting a...

508295, 508399, C10M16300

Patent

active

059588489

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to multigrade crankcase lubricants. More particularly it relates to crankcase lubricants having low concentrations of chlorine and sulphated ash.


BACKGROUND

Some chlorine-containing organic compounds are known to be hazardous. In consequence a strong movement exists to limit the chlorine content of organic compounds. Thus, crankcase lubricant manufacturers in some countries specify that their finished lubricants must have less than 50 parts per million by weight (ppm) chlorine.
Conventional polyisobutenyl dispersants used in crankcase lubricants frequently contain chlorine. Chlorine is introduced into these compounds in two ways. First, the polymer backbone is made by cationic polymerisation of isobutene in the presence of a strong Lewis acid and a promoter, usually an organoaluminum compound. Then, a particularly efficient way to introduce a succinic group requires halogenating the polymer at an olefinic bond and subsequent maleation. In this process most of the chlorine is liberated as hydrogen chloride. A small amount of chlorine remains and is carried forward in the process to be present in the finished dispersant.
Crankcase lubricants made with these dispersants thus contain chlorine. When used at conventional levels, the lubricants contain chlorine at levels greater than the 50 ppm specification desired in many locations. Despite their chlorine content, continued use of these dispersants is desirable because known processes to make low chlorine or chlorine-free products are less flexible, use raw materials less efficiently, and are more likely to produce undesirable deposits in the reactor than the halogenation/maleation process. Additionally, plants to make chlorine-free polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) are less numerous making the supply of chlorine-free PIBSA tight.
Lubricant formulations having a chlorine-containing dispersant and meeting the new low chlorine requirements must use less of the chlorine-containing dispersant while still achieving suitable performance. Thus non-conventional dispersants are required. Possible non-conventional dispersants include dispersants made from extremely low chlorine thermal polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,552 and references cited therein) and viscosity modifiers that also function as dispersants.
Viscosity modifiers are materials added to crankcase lubricants to impart high and low temperature operability. Viscosity modifiers that have been post reacted to provide dispersancy are known as multi-functional viscosity modifiers or dispersant viscosity modifiers. Multigrade oils typically contain one or more viscosity modifiers. Thus, the viscosity modifier acts to increase viscosity at high temperature thereby providing more protection to the engine at high speeds, without unduly increasing viscosity at low temperatures which would otherwise making starting a cold engine difficult. High temperature performance is usually specified by kinematic viscosity (kV) at 100.degree. C. (ASTM D445), while low temperature performance is specified in terms of cold cranking simulator (CCS) viscosity (ASTM D5293, which is a revision of ASTM D2602).
Viscosity grades are defined by the SAE Classification system according to these two measurements. SAE J300 defines the limits for kinematic viscosity and CCS as follows:


______________________________________ SAE VISCOSITY GRADES SAE Maximum CCS kV kV viscosity Viscosity 100.degree. C. mm.sup.2 /s 100.degree. C. mm.sup.2 /s grade 10.sup.-3 Pa .multidot. s @ (.degree. C.) minimum maximum ______________________________________ 0 W 3250 (-30) 3.8 5 W 3500 (-25) 3.8 -- 10 W 3500 (-20) 4.1 -- 15 W 3500 (-15) 5.6 -- 20 W 4500 (-10) 5.6 -- 25 W 6000 (-5) 9.3 -- 20 -- 5.6 <9.3 30 -- 9.3 <12.5 40 -- 12.5 <16.3 50 -- 16.3 <21.9 60 -- 21.9 <26.1 ______________________________________
Multigrade oils meet the requirements of both low temperature and high temperature performance, and are thus identified by refere

REFERENCES:
patent: 5489390 (1996-02-01), Sivik et al.
patent: 5726133 (1998-03-01), Blakey et al.

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