Location determination using RF fingerprinting

Details Location determination using RF fingerprinting Location determination using RF fingerprinting

2002-04-22

2004-08-24

Appiah, Charles (Department: 2686)

Telecommunications

Radiotelephone system

Zoned or cellular telephone system

C455S456500

Reexamination Certificate

active

06782265

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to telecommunications, and more specifically to wireless communication systems.
In connection with mobile communication systems, it is becoming increasingly important to determine the location of the communicating Mobile Unit (MU). Various systems for locating are already well known. One solution that is readily available in most modern cellular systems is to use the ID of the cell from which the MU is communicating. Typically, this information is accurate to a resolution of several miles. A second solution is to compute the location of the MU based on the cellular network signaling parameters (angle of arrival or time difference of arrival). This information is typically accurate to hundreds of meters. Yet another solution is to equip the MU with a GPS receiver which then attempts to track the location of the MU as accurately as possible. Typically, GPS receivers can compute locations to within several tens of meters of accuracy. When combined with differential corrections, the GPS accuracy can be improved.
As far as reliability is concerned, the cell ID information is the most reliable, and is guaranteed to be available as long as the cellular network is functioning normally. The network signal based location computations are less reliable, since they are dependent on several conditions being true at the time of the call. For example, most schemes require the MU to have line-of-sight visibility to multiple cellular base stations. This is not always possible. GPS based location computation is also not always reliable since the MU may be in an environment where there is no penetration of the GPS satellite signals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for determining the location of a mobile unit (MU) in a wireless communication system and presenting it to a remote party.
According to one aspect of the invention location of a remote MU is determined by comparing a snapshot of a predefined portion of the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum taken by the MU to a reference database containing multiple snapshots taken at various locations. The result of the comparison is used to determine if the MU is at a specific location. The comparison may be made in the MU, or at some other location situated remotely from the MU. In the latter case, sufficient information regarding the captured fingerprint is transmitted from the MU to the remote location. The database may be pre-compiled or generated on-line.
The invention also provides methods for generating an RF fingerprint database.
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings.


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