Telecommunications – Transmitter and receiver at same station – Radiotelephone equipment detail
Reexamination Certificate
1997-12-31
2001-01-09
Hunter, Daniel S. (Department: 2749)
Telecommunications
Transmitter and receiver at same station
Radiotelephone equipment detail
C455S277100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06173191
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
Purpose of the invention: General Statement of the problem
Improve ability to localize transmission of diverse signals to a multiplicity of geographically distinct destinations.
Improve downlink and uplink channel reuse in a given area.
Improve reception of wireless broadcast signals from users by sampling an array of directional antennae to derive the local transmission field strength.
The basic method uses a lumped location model as an approximation to computationally isolate dispersed multi-user transmission and reception.
Methods utilizing this approach rely on a combination of antennas and signal processing to transmit and receive user transmissions.
Application Examples
Base station transceivers wherein the uplink bandwidth is comparable to the downlink bandwidth. Such applications include situations wherein there is a greater density of users than can readily be afforded. Such applications include but are not limited to:
CDMA multi-user base station transceivers in densely populated areas.
FDMA, TDMA and GSM multi-user base station transceivers in densely populated areas.
SDMA multi-user base station transceivers in densely populated areas.
Other spread spectrum base station transceivers where the downlink bandwidth is a multiplicative factor greater than the uplink bandwidth:
National Information Infrastructure (NII) neighborhood base station transceivers
Video and Movie On Demand wireless base station transceivers
Improved multi-carrier transceivers
Prior Art Approaches
Overview
This section discusses location determination based upon several different kinds of antennas:
Single omni-directional antenna determination.
Lee style pair of receiving antennas to minimize cochannel interference.
Phased array background.
Macro-diverse location determination.
Single omni-directional antenna determination
Basic Mechanism
Advantages
Disadvantages
Lee style wireless base station antenna sets
Basic Mechanism
Advantages
Disadvantages
Directional antenna discussion
Phased array background
Basic Mechanism
Advantages
Disadvantages
D3
Domed Lens phased arrays
Basic Mechanism
Advantages
Disadvantages
Circular Phased Arrays
Basic Mechanism
Advantages
Disadvantages
Macro-diverse location determination
Basic Mechanism
Advantages
Disadvantages
D3
Spectrum Patent 1
Very Large Array and other long distance interferometers
NASA deep space communication systems
References
1. Viterbi, Andrew J.,
CDMA: principles of spread spectrum communication
, (c) 1995, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., ISBN 0-201-63374-4
2. Mouly, Michel and Marie-Bernadette Pautet,
The GSM System for Mobile Communications
, (c) 1992, Mouly and Pautet, ISBN 2-9507190-0-7
3. Lee, William C. Y.,
Mobile Cellular Telecommunications: Analog and Digital Systems,
2
nd
ed., (c) 195, 1989 McGraw Hill, Inc., ISBN 0-07-038089-9
a. Chapter 5: “Cell-Site Antennas and Mobile Antennas”
b. Chapter 6: “Co-channel Interference Reduction”
4. Mehrota, Asha,
Cellular radio: analog and digital systems
, (c) 1994 Artech House, Inc., ISBN 0-89006-731-7
5. Sreetharan, Mothothamby and Rajiv Kumar,
Cellular digital packet data
, (c) 1996 Artech House, Inc., ISBN 0-89006-709-0
6. Toh, C-K,
Wireless ATM and ad-hoc networks: protocols and architectures
, (c) 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 0-7923-9822-X
7. Monzingo, Robert A.,
Introduction to adaptive arrays
, (c) 1980 John Wiley and Sons, Inc., ISBN 0-471-05744-4
8. Simon, Marvin K., Jim K. Omura, Robert A. Schultz, Barry K. Levitt,
Spread Spectrum Communications
, vol. III, (c) 1985 Computer Science Press, Inc. ISBN 0-88175-015-8 (v. III), ISBN 0-88175-017-4 (Set)
9. Balanis, Constantine A.
Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design
, (c) 1982 Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., ISBN 0-06-040458-2
10. Shannon, Claude E. and Warren Weaver,
The Mathematical Theory of Communication
, (c) 1949 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, Illini Books edition, 1963, ISBN 0-252-72548-4
11. Gibson, Jerry D. (editor)
The mobile communications handbook
, (c) 1996 CRC Press, Inc., ISBN 0-8493-8573-3
a. Milstein, L. B. and M. K. Simon, “Spread Spectrum Communications”
12. Sklar, Bernard,
Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications
, (c) 1988 P. T. R. Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-211939-0
13. Wilson, Stephen G.,
Digital Modulation and Coding
, (c) 1996 Prentice-Hall, Inc., ISBN 0-13-210071-1
14. Kesteloot, Andre, Charles L. Hutichinson and Joel P. Kleinman (editors),
The ARRL Spread Spectrum Sourcebook
, (c) 1991 American Radio Relay League, ISBN 0-87259-317-7
15. Papas, Charles Herach,
Theory of electromagnetic wave propagation
, (c) 1965, 1988 Charles Herach Papas, Dover edition, ISBN 0-486-65678-0
16. Doble, John,
Introduction to radio propagation for fixed and mobile communications
, (c) 1996 Artech House, Inc., ISBN 0-89006-529-2
17. Straw, R. Dean, Gerald L. Hall, Brian Beezley,
The ARRL Antenna Book
, (c) 1994 American Radio Relay League, ISBN 0-87259-473-4
18. Danzer, Paul, Joel P. Kleinman, R. Dean Straw (editors),
The ARRL Handbook for Radio Amateurs
, 75
th
edition, (c) 1997 American Radio Relay League, ISBN 0-87259-178-6
19. Johnson, Richard C., Henry Jacik (ed.),
Antenna Engineering Handbook
3
rd
ed., (c) 1993, 1984, 1961 McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN 0-07-032381-X
20. Lo, Y. T., S. W. Lee (ed.),
Antenna Handbook vol II: Antenna Theory
, (c) 1993 Van Nostrand Rheinhold, ISBN 0-442-01593-3
a. Lo, Y. T., “Array Theory”, Chapter 11
b. Mailloux, R. J., “Periodic Arrays”, Chapter 13
c. Lo, Y. T., “Aperiodic Arrays”, Chapter 14
d. Rahmat-Samii, Y., “Reflector Antennas”, Chapter 15
e. Lee, J. J., “Lens Antennas”, Chapter 16
21. Lo, Y. T., S. W. Lee (ed.),
Antenna Handbook vol III: Applications
, (c) 1993 Van Nostrand Rheinhold, ISBN 0-442-01594-1
a. Tang, Raymond, “Practical Aspects of Phased Array Design”, Chapter 18
22. Courant, R. and D. Hilbert,
Methods of Mathematical Physics vol. I
, Chapter 1: “The Algebra of Linear Transformations and Quadratic Forms”, (c) 1937 Julius Springer, Berlin, 1
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English edition, republished by John Wiley & Sons, 1989, ISBN 0-471-50447-5.
23. Kaiser, Gerald,
A friendly guide to wavelets
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Patent References
24. Stangel, John J., et. al., U. S. Pat. No. 3,755,815, “Phased Array Fed Lens Antenna”, filed Dec. 20, 1971, issued Aug. 28, 1973
25. Giannini, Richard J., U.S. Pat. No. 3,816,830, “Cylindrical Array Antenna”, filed Nov. 27, 1970, issued Jun. 11, 1974
26. Stangel, John J., et. al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,831, “Circular array scanning network”, filed Jun. 29, 1981, issued May 29, 1984
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
Convex shape
Normal
Cellular communications system
Base Station
uplink
downlink
users
channels
Antenna
Directional
Omnidirectional
Antenna Attributes
Antenna Array
Phased array
Dual cochannel interference canceling
Micro-diverse
Macro-diverse
Goals of this family of mechanisms
Improve ability to transmit to a large number of spatially distributed users by geometrically partitioning the transmission process.
Improved downlink support for increased channel reuse.
Improved ability to isolate uplink user transmissions by means of geometrically partitioning the space-time delay domain of transmission.
This geometrical partitioning of the downlink and uplink transmission domain is made possible by the geometry of the claimed antenna arrays and claimed signal processing which is derived based upon the claimed antenna array geometry.
Basic Mechanism
A micro-diverse directional transmitting antenna array positioned proximately upon the boundary of a convex shape whereby the primary attenuation lobes of neighboring antennae overlap. Distinct transmissions by distinct directional antenna components can utilize the same channel resources if the transmitting directional antenna components are not adjacent.
Further, a micro-diverse directional antenna array comprising both transmitting and receiving directional antenna components positioned proximately upon the boundary of a convex shape whereby
the primary attenuation lobes of nearest neighbor transmitting directional antenna components
Corsaro Nick
Hunter Daniel S.
Lovejoy David E.
mDivesity Inc.
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