Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – In vivo diagnosis or in vivo testing – Magnetic imaging agent
Patent
1996-04-11
2000-05-30
Eyler, Yvonne
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
In vivo diagnosis or in vivo testing
Magnetic imaging agent
424 149, 424 9323, 435 723, 436 64, A61K 5100, A61K 4900, G01N 3100, G01N 3348
Patent
active
060688300
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the localization and therapy of non-prostatic endocrine cancers by agents that have been constructed to target prostate specific antigen (PSA).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cancer of the breast is the most common cause of cancer death in middle aged women in Europe and North America and both its incidence and mortality are on the increase (1-5). The predominant indications for breast tumor imaging are: detecting the presence of tumor, localizing sites of disease, and following the effects of therapy (6). Trends in scintigraphic imaging have been towards developing imaging pharmaceuticals to provide quantitative information on the pathophysiological characteristics of a tumor, such as its anaplasticity, or likely response to a given therapy (7). For example, to determine via scintigraphic imaging how a patients breast cancer will respond to the administration of a growth suppressor, such as somatostatin, or the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (8). Diamandis in PCT Application CA 94/00267 has shown that the presence of PSA in breast tumors, as measured by in vitro methods, has prognostic value. Thus, imaging of these tumors may not only reveal occult disease, but may also provide clinically valuable pathophysiological information.
Tumor imaging is commonly carried out using a gamma emitting radionuclide conjugate and a scintillation gamma camera, or with a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical and a positron or PET camera, or with a magnetopharmaceutical and a magnetic resonance imaging device. The scintillation camera, also known as an Anger camera, consists of a detector head, and a display console. The Anger camera head is composed of sodium iodide crystals that absorb gamma rays and emits the absorbed energy as flashes of light--scintillations that are proportional in brightness to the energy absorbed. In a gamma camera the sodium iodide crystals are coupled to photomultiplier tubes that convert light pulses into electronic pulses. These voltages are translated via a computing circuit to a cathode ray tube. The data from the camera head may be in either analog or digital form that can be stored in a computer and can reconstruct the data to provide an image. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging involves the use of a gamma scintillation camera where multiple images, typically encompassing 180.degree. or 360.degree., around the body are taken and the computer issued to reconstruct multiple tomograms in coronal, sagittal, and transverse projections. In PET imaging the positron radionuclide collides with an electron causing annihilation of the particles and creating two photons that travel in 180.degree. opposite directions. The PET system is designed to capture opposite sides and register the count at precisely the same time. A computer is used to manipulate the data and then reconstruct a cross sectional image from this information.
There are a number of approaches to breast tumor imaging that may be divided into two groups: indirect and direct. Indirect techniques, are generally utilized to locate metastatic disease by recognizing the secondary effects of tumor within an organ system. Indirect techniques include, but are not limited to, the use of radiolabelled .sup.99m Tc phosphonates to locate bone metastases (9, 10) and .sup.99m Tc radiocolloids in liver scans and breast lyphoscintigraphy (11, 12, 13).
Direct approaches to radionuclide imaging include radiolabelled chemotherapeutic agents, simple ionic substances, metabolite imaging, immunologic and receptor imaging. The use of radiolabelled chemotherapeutic agents, such as bleomycin, have not demonstrated clinical value (14). .sup.67 Ga citrate is the most commonly used simple ionic tracer for tumor imaging, however it localizes in other pathologies and is non specific (15, 16, 17, 18). Metabolite imaging carried out with positron emitting radionuclides such as .sup.18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose, .sup.11 C-methionine and .sup.11 C-thymidine provides tumor metabolism information
REFERENCES:
patent: 5162504 (1992-11-01), Horoszewicz
Clinical BioChemistry vol. 27, No. 2, (Yu, He et al), pp. 75-79, dated Apr. 27, 1994.
Database Biosis Biosciences Information Service, AN 94:393008 & Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, vol. 8, No. 4, (Yu, He et al), pp. 251-253, dated 1994.
Bas. Appl. Histochem, vol. 33, No. 1, (Papotti, M. et al), Pavia pp. 25-29 dated 1989.
Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Redshaw Russell
Eyler Yvonne
Nordion International Inc.
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