Ventilation – Workstation ventilator
Reexamination Certificate
2002-10-07
2004-10-12
Boles, Derek S. (Department: 3749)
Ventilation
Workstation ventilator
C454S056000, C126S29900R
Reexamination Certificate
active
06802767
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FILED
The present invention relates to a method of local ventilation, a ventilation method, a local ventilator, and a ventilating system, and more particularly to local ventilating and ventilating technologies which are effective when a contaminant that causes air contamination is released from a specific indoor portion, and the contaminated air is heat draft, steam, odor, tobacco smoke, lamp soot, or dusty air that is not harmful to human body, in all indoor spaces necessary to be ventilated such as factories, kitchens, smoking rooms, and bathrooms.
BACKGROUND ART
Generally, indoor spaces such as factories, kitchens, smoking rooms and bathrooms, where there exists a point of release of a contaminant that causes air contamination, must be provided with ventilation for cleaning the indoor atmosphere.
In this case, as a method of ventilating indoor spaces in which the contaminated air released is heat draft, steam, odor, tobacco smoke, lamp soot, or dusty air that may not endanger lives, generally employed is a so-called overall ventilation system which is arranged that the whole air in the room is replaced while the contaminated air is in a state of being mixed and diluted in the indoor atmosphere.
As an overall ventilation system, there are three types of systems such as a system using mechanical power for both air intake and discharge, a system using mechanical power for air intake only, while discharging the exhaust air from an exhaust hole in a spontaneous fashion, and a system using mechanical power for discharging the air only, while taking in the air from an air intake port in a spontaneous fashion. Usually, however, a mechanical ventilation system using suction draft created by mechanical power is mainly employed.
Regarding the legal standards related to ventilating apparatuses for general buildings, the amount of ventilation is specified for the purpose of assuring safety and sanitation aiming at humans according to the result of calculation from the allowable concentration of indoor carbonic acid gas, and for the purpose of assuring the amount of oxygen necessary for combustion in a room where a fire is used. Actually, however, there are no clear standards based on true technology and performance. And, in the technical field or industry of buildings at present, to install an inexpensive ventilating system without spending much money, which just meets the requirements of the legal standards related to ventilating apparatuses, is a common method widely employed.
A general ventilating system for rooms that require reasonable habitability and workability, for example, a ventilating system for kitchens is arranged, as shown in
FIG. 8
, having a configuration of an overall ventilation system for ventilating the entire room of the kitchen such that combustion heat type cooking equipment a, the point of release of contaminant, is installed near the room wall.
That is, in the ceiling above the cooking equipment a is provided suction hole c of exhaust duct b, and also an exhaust duct fan (not shown) is disposed at the outdoor end portion of the exhaust duct b. Also, exhaust hood e for catching the contaminated air made up of heat jet d of the contaminant generated due to combustion heat of the cooking equipment a is connected to the suction port c in order to prevent the diffusion of the contaminated air. On the other hand, in the ceiling at the center of the room, remote from the cooking equipment a, is disposed air intake port h of air intake duct g provided with air box f, and also air conditioner i is installed near there. Further, exhaust duct k provided with exhaust ceiling fan j is disposed on the ceiling near opening m remote from the cooking equipment a.
And, the heat jet d of the contaminant generated due to combustion heat of the cooking equipment a is caught by the exhaust hood e and collected into the exhaust duct b from the suction port c as the exhaust duct fan of the exhaust duct b is operated, and then it is discharged out of the room, while the room air at the portion remote from the cooking equipment a is discharged out of the room through the exhaust duct k disposed near the opening m as the exhaust ceiling fan j is operated. On the other hand, from the air intake port h at the center of the ceiling, outside fresh air is taken in through the air box f of the air intake duct g as an intake duct fan (not shown) is operated, while fresh air also spontaneously flows into the room from the window (opening) m of the kitchen. In this way, the entire room of the kitchen is ventilated.
However, in such an overall ventilation system, there arise many problems as mentioned in the following, and there has been a demand for their improvements.
That is, as represented by kitchens, when an overall ventilation system is employed for a room in which a lot of contaminant is released, the amount of ventilation becomes very large and it will worsen the efficiency of ventilation, and also, the state of the air in the room becomes identical with that of the outside air because a large volume of atmospheric air is taken into the room.
Further, in ventilation based on suction draft with use of mechanical power, it is unable to effectively discharge only the contaminant because of poor controllability, and it will cause the heat, steam, lamp soot, odor, fume or the like to be detained in the room, and then the room air condition comes to the worst.
For example, in the case of kitchens, the ventilating air volume and air conditioning capacity required will become very large if intended to satisfy the kitchen temperature and humidity conditions, that is, the standards of HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) system.
And, the considerable increase of ventilating air volume and air conditioning capacity means that the capacities of ventilating and air conditioning apparatuses are increased resulting in increase of the initial cost and running cost of the ventilating and air conditioning apparatuses.
Also, the increase of the equipment capacities of ventilating and air conditioning apparatuses means that the electric capacity of the equipment is totally increased and such increase in the amount of energy used will invite the increase of the generation of global warming gas such as CO and CO
2
.
In this respect, it is possible to employ a ventilating system for special purposes as mentioned below as a ventilating system for rooms that require reasonable habitability and workability, such as a ventilating system for kitchens.
That is, in factory ventilation, since the legal standards are very strict because of generation of contaminants harmful to human body, a method of partial or local ventilation by using a draft chamber is employed as an effective method in which the point of release of harmful contaminant is surrounded by partitions and the worker performs the work by inserting the hands through the partitions.
Further, in case the work does not allow the use of such draft chamber, a so-called push-pull uniform flow system is employed as an effective method of local ventilation. In a local ventilation method by this push-pull uniform flow system, the point of release of the contaminant is wrapped up with the uniform flow of blowout (push) draft and suction (pull) draft, and thereby, the air balance is locally completed.
On the other hand, as an overall ventilation system for ventilating a large space such as a parking garage, a so-called delivent ventilation system using an inductive action is also available. In this delivent ventilation system, a plurality of small fans which guide and deliver the contaminated air of the room to the exhaust port, corresponding to the suction exhaust, are installed in good order. By this ventilating system, it is possible to shorten the extension distance of the duct and also to efficiently perform the ventilation.
However, even in such a local ventilation system effective for special purposes, and an overall ventilation system, there will arise other problems as mentioned below if employed as a ventilating system for rooms th
Boles Derek S.
Rader & Fishman & Grauer, PLLC
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