Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Including chromatography
Reexamination Certificate
2001-02-05
2002-12-31
Ludlow, Jan (Department: 1743)
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Including chromatography
C073S061530, C210S198200, C210S656000, C436S178000, C436S183000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06500671
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The current invention is generally directed toward a microcolumn and a method of loading a microcolumn. The microcolumn produced by the method of the invention is capable of separating an analyte from a sample in the millisecond time scale by using small column volumes that can tolerate medium to high flow rates.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
One area of continuing interest in the field of analytical chemistry is the development of separation techniques that achieve extraction of an analyte from a sample in the millisecond time domain. The ability to rapidly and accurately separate analytes from a sample has a number of important applications in the health, pharmaceutical, clinical, research and environmental fields. One such application, for example, is the ability to rapidly extract the biologically active form of a drug, hormone, or toxin from a biological sample. This is of particular interest in clinical chemistry and pharmaceutical science as a means for controlling and studying the effect of drugs and/or hormones within the body.
Techniques such as microbore HPLC and capillary HPLC have attempted to decrease separation times and increase separation efficiency by decreasing column diameter with a corresponding increase in column length. The small column diameter acts to decrease column volume, while the increased column length serves to provide more contacts between the analyte and the separation medium. Although these techniques have increased separation efficiency by obtaining narrower elution peaks, they have not resulted in separations in the millisecond time domain.
In another approach, some techniques have attempted to decrease extraction time by reducing column lengths. Many HPLC-based immunoaffinity columns are now in the size range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters. However, columns with these dimensions, while separating an analyte from a sample in a few seconds, cannot achieve separation in the millisecond time domain. Additionally, membrane supports based on polymeric materials that are several millimeters to several centimeters in diameter and several millimeters in length have been developed. However, like the immunoaffinity columns previously discussed, the membrane supports are not capable of separating an analyte from a sample in the millisecond time domain.
Accordingly, a need exists for a column with dimensions that are capable of achieving a high rate of selective separation in the millisecond time domain.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Among the several aspects of the invention therefore, is provided a method of loading a microcolumn comprising an active layer and an inert layer, the active layer being capable of separating an analyte from a sample, the method comprising introducing the active layer into the microcolumn such that the active layer is capable of separating the analyte from the sample within the millisecond time domain, and introducing the inert layer.
Another aspect of the invention is provided a microcolumn for separating an analyte from a sample, the microcolumn comprising an active layer capable of separating the analyte from the sample in the millisecond time domain, and an inert layer.
In yet a further aspect is provided a method for separating an analyte from a sample in the millisecond time domain, the method comprising applying the sample to the microcolumn described herein.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4351909 (1982-09-01), Stevens
patent: 5174959 (1992-12-01), Kundu et al.
patent: 5595653 (1997-01-01), Good et al.
patent: 5599677 (1997-02-01), Dowell et al.
patent: 5605839 (1997-02-01), Simpson et al.
patent: 5800692 (1998-09-01), Naylor et al.
patent: 5863401 (1999-01-01), Chen
patent: 6225132 (2000-05-01), Drukier et al.
patent: 6080590 (2000-06-01), Van Der Greef et al.
patent: 6261848 (2000-07-01), Anderson et al.
Ageev et al. Derwent Acc. No. 1995-059579. SU 1832194 (Aug. 7, 1993).*
de Alwis et al., Rapid Heterogeneous Competitive Electrochemical Immunoassay for IgG in the Picolmole Range,Anal. Chem.,Dec. 1987, pp. 2786-2789, vol. 59, No. 23, Amer. Chem. Society.
Cheng et al., Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorption and Desorption Rates on Solid Surfaces with Varying Surface Properties,J. Coll. Inter. Sci.,Jul. 1987, pp. 212-223, vol. 118, No. 1, Academic Press, Inc.
Dombrowski et al., Investigation of Anion-Exchange and Immunoaffinity Particle-Loaded Membranes for the Isolation of Charged Organic Analytes from Water, May 1998, pp. 1969-1978 vol. 70, Amer. Chem. Society.
Fernando et al., Investigation of the Kinetic Properties by Particle-Loaded Membranes for Solid-Phase Extraction by Forced Flow Planar Chromatography,Anal. Chem.,Mar. 1993, pp. 588-595, vol. 65, No. 5, Amer. Chem. Society.
Hage et al., High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Chemiluminescent Detection in the Automation of a Parathyroid Hormone Sandwich Immunoassay,Anal. Chem.,Mar. 1991, pp. 586-595, vol. 69, Amer. Chem. Society.
Hage et al., Theory of a Sequential Addition Competitive Binding Immunoassay Based on High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography,Anal. Chem.,Jun. 1993, pp. 1622-1630, vol. 65, Amer. Chem. Society.
Hage, Immunoassays,Anal. Chem.,Jun. 1993, pp. 420R-424R, vol. 65, No. 12, Amer. Chem. Society.
Hage et al., Split-Peak Affinity Chromatographic Studies of the Immobilization-Dependent Adsorption Kinetics of Protein A,Anal. Chem.,Feb. 1986, pp. 274-279, vol. 58, Amer. Chem. Society.
Hage, Survey of recent advances in analytical applications of immunoaffinity chromatography,J. Chrom.,Sep. 1998, pp. 3-28, vol. 715, No. 1, Elsevier Science B.V.
Hage et al., Development of a Theoretical Model for Chromatographic-Based Competitive Binding Immunoassays with Simultaneous Injection of Sample and Label,Anal. Chem.,Aug. 1999, pp. 2965-2975, vol. 71, No. 15, Amer. Chem. Society.
Hagen et al., Membrane approach to solid-phase extractions,Anal. Chim. ACTA,1990, pp. 157-164, vol. 236, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Janis et al., Dual-Column Immunoassays Using Protein G Affinity Chromatography,Anal. Chem.,Sep. 1989, pp. 1901-1906, vol. 61, Amer. Chem. Society.
Karamushka et al., Kinetics Of Sorption Immobilization Of Serum Albumin On Silicopolymethyl-siloxane,Appl. Chem.,Mar. 1989, pp. 561-564, vol. 62, No. 3, Plenum Publishing Corporation.
Larsson, High-Performance Liquid Affinity Chromatography,Enz. Purification&Related Tech.,1984, pp. 212-223, vol. 104, Academic Press, Inc.
Lok et al., Protein Adsorption on Crosslinked Polydimethylsiloxane Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence, Jan. 1983, pp. 104-116, vol. 91, No. 1, Academic Press, Inc.
Norde et al., Streaming Potential Measurements as a Tool to Study Protein Adsorption Kinetics,J. Colloid Inter. Sci.,Oct. 1990, pp. 169-176, vol. 139, No. 1, Academic Press, Inc.
Ohlson et al., High-Performance Liquid Affinity Chromatography: Rapid Immunoanalysis of Transferrin in Serum,Clin. Chem.,1988, pp. 2039-2043, vol. 34, No. 10, Amer. Assoc. for Clin. Chem.
Place et al., Split-Peak Phenomenon in Nonlinear Chromatography. 2. Characterization of the Adsorption Kinetics of Proteins on Reversed-Phase Supports,Anal. Chem.,Jul. 1991, pp. 1222-1227, vol. 63, Amer. Chem. Society.
Podgornik et al., High-Performance Membrane Chromatography of Small Molecules,Anal. Chem.,Aug. 1999, pp. 2987-2991, vol. 71, No., 15, Amer. Chem. Society.
Pollema et al., Flow Injection Renewable Surface Immunoassay: A New Approach to Immunoanalysis with Fluorescence Detection,Anal. Chem.,Jun. 1994, pp. 1825-1831, vol. 66, No. 11, Amer. Chem. Society.
Ramsden et al., Protein Adsorption Kinetics Drastically Altered by Repositioning a Single Charge,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,Aug. 1995, pp. 8511-8516, vol. 117, No. 33, Amer. Chem. Society.
Rollag et al., Analysis of Pesticide Degradation Products by Tandem High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography,Anal. Chem.,1996, pp. 3631-3637, vol. 68, No. 20, Amer. Chem. Society.
Thomas et al., Determination of Atrazine in Water Using Tandem High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography,Anal. Ch
Clarke William A.
Hage David S.
Ludlow Jan
Senniger Powers Leavitt & Roedel
The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska
LandOfFree
Loading microcolums for the separation of analytes from a... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Loading microcolums for the separation of analytes from a..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Loading microcolums for the separation of analytes from a... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2996118