Compositions – Preservative agents – Anti-corrosion
Patent
1996-02-01
1999-06-01
Dees, Jose' G.
Compositions
Preservative agents
Anti-corrosion
510537, B01F 1700, C11D 100, C11D 1000
Patent
active
059085827
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to liquid formulations containing a sulfosuccinic acid diester, to a process for their production and to the use of these liquid formulations as wetting agents and emulsifiers.
2. Statement of Related Art
Diesters of sulfosuccinic acid have been known for many years as effective wetting agents. In the course of the changeover from systems containing organic solvents to water-based systems, this class of compounds has acquired increasing significance. The synthesis of the diesters would appear at first glance to be very simple, as reflected in early patent literature. Thus, U.S. Pat. No. 2,176,432, U.S. Pat. No. 2,416,254 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,028,091 describe the production of sulfosuccinic acid diesters by methods which cannot be carried out on an industrial scale and which are not economically justifiable.
GB-PS 1,050,578, FR-PS 1 573 080, GB-PS 760,121 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,879,214 describe the production of liquid formulations of sulfosuccinic acid diesters on an industrial scale. However, it is clear from these documents that the reaction is characterized by several special features and that controlled measures have to be taken to influence the reaction. It is less the synthesis of the maleic acid diesters which are used as raw materials in the synthesis of sulfosuccinic acid diesters than the sulfitation of this raw material to the sulfonated component which is regarded as problematical. A review of the sulfitation of maleic acid diesters can be found in Anionic surfactants, Part II, W. M. Linfield, M. Dekker, 1976, pages 406 et seq. and in Handbook of surfactants, M. R. Porter, Blackie, 1991, pages 107 et seq.
It is clear from the literature that the problem with sulfitation lies in the reaction of a hydrophobic diester with a water-soluble HSO.sub.3- and in the formation of gel phases. According to various references, the reaction is very slow and, after an initial phase, is clearly exothermic and difficult to control. To be able to carry out the reaction, it is recommended in GB-PS 1,050,578 to use an initiator. The initiator may be a surfactant, more particularly the sulfosuccinic acid diester to be produced, or a solvent, such as ethanol. At the same time, an organic solvent, such as mineral oil, white oil, paraffin or an aromatic solvent, is used. FR-PS 1 573 080 describes the addition of the sulfite solution to enable the exothermic nature of the reaction to be better controlled. This document also mentions the possibility of carrying out the reaction under pressure which allows reaction temperatures above the boiling point of the mixture and prevents the loss of sulfite through evaporation tion of SO.sub.2. A short reaction time is mentioned as an advantage. U.S. Pat. No. 2,879,214 recommends the exposure of the reaction mixture to UV light to accelerate the reactions. The use of ethanol is described explicitly or without any particular references in FR-PS 1 573 080, in GB-PS 760,121 and in U.S. Pat. No. 2,879,214.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Experience has shown that the use of volatile organic solvents or solubilizers, such as ethanol, is necessary to guarantee a rapid and controllable sulfitation reaction. In addition, solvents are required to formulate highly concentrated, liquid sulfosuccinic acid diester formulations. The diesters of sulfosuccinic acid show poor solubility in water and, in addition, form gel phases in the medium concentration range. Through the addition of co-solvents, the liquid formulations of sulfosuccinic acid diesters remain homogeneous and liquid which affords clear handling advantages.
On the other hand, the presence of solvents is undesirable in terms of emission and the flashpoint. The development of solventless systems in the paint and lacquer field is increasingly focusing on low VOC (volatile organic components) contents. A high flashpoint is of advantage in terms of production, storage and transport.
Accordingly, a first problem addressed by the present invention was to provide li
REFERENCES:
patent: 2028091 (1936-01-01), Jaeger
patent: 2176423 (1939-10-01), Jaeger
patent: 2416254 (1947-02-01), Gilbert
patent: 2879214 (1959-03-01), Divine
patent: 3998762 (1976-12-01), Murata et al.
patent: 4384978 (1983-05-01), Ploog et al.
patent: 4476037 (1984-10-01), Ploog et al.
patent: 5098478 (1992-03-01), Krishnan et al.
Anionic Surfactants, Part II, W.M. Linfield,M. Dekker, 1976, pp. 406 et seq.
Handbook of Surfactants, M. R. Porter, Blackie, 1991, pp. 107 et seq.
Ullmanns Encyclopadiemder technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, (1980), vol. 19, pp. 31 et seq.
Rompp,Chemie Lexikon, 9 th Edition (1991), vol. 4, p. 2617.
Feustel Dieter
Held Uwe
Meyer Joachim
Dees Jos,e G.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Millson Jr. Henry E.
Pryor Alton
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