Compositions – Frost-preventing – ice-thawing – thermostatic – thermophoric,...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-06
2001-09-25
Green, Anthony (Department: 1755)
Compositions
Frost-preventing, ice-thawing, thermostatic, thermophoric,...
C106S013000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06294104
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly liquid for the prevention of freezing of aircrafts and runways, said liquid being particularly suitable to various spraying equipments.
The prevention of the formation of ice of ice onto aircrafts and runways, as well as ice removal is commonly accomplished with several anti-freezing chemicals to ensure a safe take-off, landing, and flight, particularly in the wintertime. These anti-freezing agents are generally ethylene or propylene glycol based sprayable solutions or foams, if necessary mixed with thickening agents to increase the viscosity, water, surface active agents, and corrosion inhibitors. Such ethylene or propylene glycol based anti-freezing agents are toxic, polluting the environment as they are flushed into the earth. Further, an unpleasant odor is released therefrom into and carried by air currents. Such anti-freezing agents may also cause corrosion problems. The anti-freezing agents commonly sprayed onto aircrafts generally contain at least 60% glycol, normally ethylene glycol, or a mixture of other glycols.
The function of the anti-freezing agent is to remove snow, ice and hoarfrost from the surface of the aircraft that have formed as the aircraft stays at the airport. The snow, ice and hoarfrost freezed on the aircraft significantly influence the aerodynamic properties, and the performance of the engines thereof, eventually leading to dangerous situations, for instance during take-off of the machine. For this reason the machines are always checked before the departure to make sure they are free from ice, snow and hoarfrost.
The prevention of freezing of the runways and ice removal therefrom include the use of anti-freezing chemicals. The main function of these chemicals is to diffuse through the snow and ice already formed to weaken the bonding therein, allowing them to be much more easily removed by mechanical means. In addition, anti-freezing chemicals are used in conditions where water and snow may freeze on the runway.
The SU patent publication No 1664808 discloses a composition useful for the prevention of freezing, and for thawing powdered or granular materials like flour, sand, or any of the kind. This composition comprises magnesium or calcium chloride, ammonia, carbohydrates, glycerin, lactic acid, volatile acids, betaine, amino acids, fatty compounds, as well as water. The purpose of this composition is to prevent the freezing of the powdered material, particularly during transport thereof, on the walls and bottom of the container, and the aggregation thereof, as well as to thaw the material already frozen.
The US patent publication No 5079036 describes and anti-freezing composition for the prevention of freezing and aggregation of a solid granular material like mineral coat or one during handling and transport thereof at a temperature below 0° C. This composition forms a foam onto the solid particles. It comprises a solution suitable as an anti-freezing agent, such as of salts like sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, cassium chloride, or of polyhydroxy compounds or monoaklyl ethers or dialkyl ethers, such as ethylene and propylene glycols, glycerol, sugar and mixtures thereof. Further, cellulose derivatives, for instance sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose are mentioned as suitable anti-freezing agents. Besides this anti-freezing agent the composition includes an anionic or amphoteric surface active agent allowing the formation of a stable foam. For this purpose suitable compounds are such anionic surface active agents as sulphonates, and such amphoteric surface active agents as the derivatives of betaine, among others. In addition, the composition contains water.
The European patent publication 743305 discloses an anti-freezing composition. particularly for the prevention of freezing of aircrafts and the wings thereof. This publication presents a novel surface active agent, namely a polyether amide, that may be used in combination with alkylen glycol based anti-freezing agents, using polyacryl acids as thickeners. Moreover, said compositions typically comprise a corrosion inhibitor, optionally an amine, potassium hydroxide or alkalimetal hydroxide, and water.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4155891 (1979-05-01), Pettelkau et al.
patent: 5079036 (1992-01-01), Roe et al.
patent: 5118435 (1992-06-01), Nieh et al.
patent: 5993684 (1999-11-01), Back et al.
patent: 6165380 (2000-12-01), Ilves et al.
patent: 0743305 (1996-11-01), None
patent: 99260 (1997-10-01), None
patent: 1664808 (1991-07-01), None
patent: 97031988 (1997-09-01), None
Ilves Antti
Nieminen Jukka-Pekka
Reijonen Heikki
Birch & Stewart Kolasch & Birch, LLP
Fortum Power and Heat Oy
Green Anthony
LandOfFree
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