Hydraulic and earth engineering – Fluid control – treatment – or containment – Flow control
Patent
1997-09-02
1999-01-12
Taylor, Dennis L.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Fluid control, treatment, or containment
Flow control
405 16, 405 21, 405 91, 405114, E02B 720, E02B 300
Patent
active
058578064
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, this invention relates to a liquid-damming protective bank of the kind which comprises a member, e.g. a flexible, liquid-filled casing and/or a flexible skirt, abutting against a surface, e.g. the ground, upon which a vertical force acts with the purpose of pressing and anchoring the same against the surface, said protective bank having a first long side edge turned towards a flood side and an opposite, second long side edge turned towards a dry side of the bank.
Phenomena of flood may occur in very different areas and under very different circumstances. A frequent type of flood may hit houses situated in the vicinity of watercourses, e.g. lakes and rivers, temporarily overflowing their banks due to extreme precipitation. Water may then flow by surface over the ground to the house and cause various damage thereto, such as filling possible basement spaces with water or partial filling of localities on the ground floor. Water damage of this type are without exception very costly to master. In other cases, fluids of another type than water, e.g. oil, fuels, chemicals and the like, may spill over on areas or surfaces as a consequence of a leakage of an unexpected type.
Regardless of the type of the flood, there is a general ambition to try to countercheck the flood and to confine the proportions thereof, more precisely by erecting some type of protective bank which stems the liquid flow. The house-owner erects a bank surrounding the house with the purpose of preventing the water from approaching the same. Inversely, in case of a leakage, the protective bank is erected with the purpose of preventing the liquid from distancing from the source of leakage.
Conventional methods for erecting protective banks make use of solid materials, usually of a mineral nature. A common way is to manually lay out sandbags in more or less high rows. Another way is to erect banks of soil by means of suitable machines. However, these methods have disadvantages. To the extent that mechanical dredging or excavation is possible at all, the method is time-wasting and most often only possible to resort to at a late stage. Furthermore, it rather often causes pits and other wounds in the ground. The sandbag method is not only time-wasting but also laborious. Many times, neither machines nor sandbags are available in the immediate surroundings of the flood, and therefore time-consuming transportations have to be carried out before the erection of the bank can be started. This means that the protective bank may be in place too late.
With the purpose of obviating the disadvantages associated with earth banks and protective banks of sandbags respectively, it has lately been developed protective banks erected of mobile damming devices in the form of hose-like casings which may be stored, handled and transported in a collapsed state and filled with liquid, usually water, at the very site of a flood. Examples of such hose-casings are disclosed in abundance in the literature of patents. See, e.g. FR 1 375 854, EP 496 519, U.S. Pat. No. 3,246,474 , U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,800 , U.S. Pat. No. 4,799,821 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,040,919. A substantial advantage of such hose-casings is that they are diminutive in a collapsed state, at the same time as the weighty material which is required for anchoring the casings in a protective bank, usually is available in abundance at the site of the flood in the form of water. Well-nigh unlimited amounts of damming devices in the form of hose-casings may therefore quickly and smoothly be brought to a place hit by a flood and activated on site by the simple measure of filling the same with water. The majority of the previously known damming devices in the form of hose-casings also comprise a skirt turned towards the flood side, of more or less explicit width, most commonly being anchored by means of nail- or stud-like anchoring members, the purpose of which is to seal against the surface.
Another mobile damming device, commercially available under the trade mark of PORTADAM,
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