Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Bleach for live hair or skin
Reexamination Certificate
1999-12-22
2001-05-29
Dodson, Shelley A. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Bleach for live hair or skin
C424S070100, C424S070200, C424S070600, C424S401000, C008S405000, C008S406000, C008S407000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06238653
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention is in the field of peroxide compositions for use in lightening or coloring hair, and methods for lightening or coloring hair using the composition.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A large majority of women color their hair, either to cover gray or permanently change hair color. Permanent change in hair color may be obtained by oxidative dyes or bleaching. Oxidative hair dyes are widely used since they provide permanent color to hair, generally lasting from four to six weeks. Oxidative hair dyes are usually sold in the form of a two component kit. In one container is an aqueous alkaline composition in the liquid or crème form that contains oxidative dyes in addition to other ingredients. In the other container is a peroxide solution that contains an oxidizing agent, usually hydrogen peroxide. The two components are mixed immediately prior to use and applied to hair. The dye precursors in the lotion then penetrate the hair, and the oxidizing agent oxidizes the dye precursors to produce color in the hair, as well as lightening the melanin in the hair. The mixture is left on the hair for an appropriate period of time, generally 20 to 60 minutes, then rinsed off with water.
Most consumers complain that a hair color process that takes 20 to 60 minutes is too long. It is estimated that if oxidative dyeing and bleaching of hair were a 5 to 10 minute process, more consumers would be inclined to color their hair. Certain commercial products exist that advertise 5 to 10 minute color, but these systems only deposit temporary color on the surface of the hair and are not capable of permanently lightening hair, or causing a permanent color change to hair. Thus, the current commercial products have limited usefulness.
Accordingly, there is a need for providing compositions and processes for oxidative dyeing and/or bleaching of hair that enables permanent coloration of hair in 5 to 10 minutes. The coloring will include covering gray as well as providing permanent color change to the hair.
Liquid crystalline preparations are known for use in cosmetics and personal care products. Liquid crystals are a special phase of matter, in particular, the intermediate phase of matter that exists between a three dimensional ordered crystalline state and a disordered dissolved state. In a liquid crystal, some of the molecular order characteristics found in a solid phase are retained in the liquid state because of molecular orientation of molecules found within the composition. Many compounds are known to contribute to formation of liquid crystals; which have been widely used to encapsulate active ingredients, or act as delivery vehicles for drugs, cosmetics, fragrances, and the like.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,831 teaches foundation makeup composition containing liquid crystals.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,696,074 teaches aqueous surfactant preparations containing liquid crystals. These aqueous surfactant compositions are used to prepare laundry and dishwashing detergents, or hair and body care preparations for cleansing or conditioning skin.
It has most unexpectedly been discovered that when peroxide compositions used in bleaching or oxidative dyeing of hair are in the liquid crystalline form, the amount of time necessary to lighten or color the hair is substantially reduced.
It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystalline peroxide composition for use in bleaching or oxidative dyeing of hair which is in a single phase.
It is another object of the invention to provide a peroxide composition for use in a five to ten minute process for bleaching or oxidative dyeing of hair.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for oxidative dyeing and/or bleaching of hair in five to ten minutes.
It is another object of the invention to provide an oxidative hair dye or bleach composition mixed immediately prior to use, that is the liquid crystalline form.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for reducing the amount of time necessary to permanently lighten or color hair in conventional products, by using liquid crystalline peroxide compositions.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for permanently lightening or coloring hair with a liquid crystalline composition comprised of a mixture of liquid crystalline peroxide and an alkaline composition, wherein the presence of liquid crystals causes increased penetration of the active ingredients into the hair shaft, and thereby reduces the amount of time necessary to achieve lightening or permanent coloration of the hair.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises an aqueous peroxide composition for coloring or lightening hair comprising:
(a) 1-99% of an aqueous phase containing:
(ii) 1-55% water,
(ii) 1-45% hydrogen peroxide, and
(iii) a water soluble cosolvent;
(b) 0.1-60% of an oil phase; and
(c) 1-65% of an organic, amphiphilic, surface active ingredient capable of interacting with the water phase and the oil phase to form lyotropic liquid crystals containing said water phase ingredients; wherein all percentages are percentages by weight of the total composition.
The invention also comprises a method for coloring or lightening hair comprising the steps of:
(a) combining, immediately prior to use,
(1) an aqueous alkaline composition comprising at least one interactive surfactant; and
(2) a peroxide composition for coloring or lightening hair comprising, by weight of the total composition:
(i) 1-99% of an aqueous phase containing:
(aa) 1-55% water,
(bb) 1-45% hydrogen peroxide, and
(cc) a water soluble cosolvent;
(ii) 0.1-60% of an oil phase; and
(iii) 1-65% of an organic, amphiphilic, surface active ingredient capable of interacting with the water phase and the oil phase to form lyotropic liquid crystals containing said water phase ingredients; wherein all percentages are percentages by weight of the total composition.
(b) applying said mixture of (1) and (2) to the hair to cause coloring or lightening of the hair.
The invention further comprises a method for reducing the amount of time required to lighten or permanently color hair (when compared to conventional products), comprising treating the hair with a mixture of a liquid crystalline peroxide composition and an aqueous alkaline composition containing an interactive surfactant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
All percentages mentioned herein are percentages by weight unless otherwise indicated. The term “liquid crystalline compositions” means compositions in accordance with the invention that contain liquid crystals as described herein. The term “liquid crystal” when used in accordance with the invention means nematic, lyotropic liquid crystals or smectic, lyotropic liquid crystals, or a combination of both. The term “lyotropic” means that the liquid crystalline system contains at least one polar solvent which may be water, a water soluble cosolvent, or the like. The term “nematic” means that the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in one dimensional order with random alignment in the second dimension. The term “smectic” means that the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in two dimensional sheets where the hydrogen bonding between the polar groups links the molecules laterally and cooperatively to form head-to-head and tail-to-tail bilayers. More preferably, the liquid crystals found in the compositions of the invention are in the rod or vesicle form and exhibit a lamellar form. The liquid crystalline state exists in, preferably, 20-99.99% by weight of the total peroxide composition. In addition, the peroxide composition is preferably a one phase composition, as opposed to a two phase emulsion composition having dispersed droplets in a continuous phase.
The term “coloring hair” in accordance with the method of the invention means permanently coloring hair with oxidative dyes, providing hair color that lasts about four to eight weeks.
The term “lightening hair” in accordance with the method of the invention, means permanent lightening of hair by a bleaching process, which causes permanent lightening of the melanin pigments found in
Chan Alexander C.
Duffer Dalal Ibrahim
Hawkins Geoffrey Robert
Narasimhan Saroja
Blackburn Julie
Dodson Shelley A.
George Konata M.
Revlon Consumer Products Corporation
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