Liquid crystal cells – elements and systems – Particular excitation of liquid crystal – Electrical excitation of liquid crystal
Patent
1997-05-07
2000-10-03
Dudek, James A.
Liquid crystal cells, elements and systems
Particular excitation of liquid crystal
Electrical excitation of liquid crystal
349 49, 349 51, 349 52, 349149, 257 30, G02F 11333, G02F 1136, G02F 11345, H01L 2906
Patent
active
06128050&
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a monochrome or color liquid crystal display device which has been widely employed as a display device of a watch, a pocket calculator, a video camera, and a variety of electronic devices. Particularly, it relates to the structure of a liquid crystal display device having first and second electrodes which are disposed on one of two substrates between which a liquid crystal is filled, and also having an anode oxide film of the first electrode formed between the first and second electrodes as a nonlinear resistor layer, thereby forming a nonlinear resistor having a structure of "metal-insulating film-metal" or "metal-insulating film-transparent conductor" between the first and second electrodes.
BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY
A display capacity of a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal display has been recently increased.
In a simple matrix structured liquid crystal display device employing a multiplex driving system, a contrast is dropped or a response speed is reduced as the speed of a time sharing is increased. Accordingly, if the liquid crystal display device has about 200 scanning lines, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient contrast.
Accordingly, there has been employed an active matrix system liquid crystal display panel having switching elements in each pixel to remove such drawbacks.
In the active matrix system liquid crystal display system, there are two types, one is a three terminal system employing thin film transistors (hereinafter referred to as "TFT") as switching elements and the other is two terminal system employing nonlinear resistors. The two terminal system is superior to the three terminal system since the former is simple in structure and a method of manufacturing thereof.
A diode type, a varistor type, a thin film diode (hereinafter referred to as "TFD") type and so on are developed as the two terminal system.
Among these types, the TFD type is simple in structure and has few manufacturing steps.
Further, the liquid crystal display panel is required to display with high density and high definition, and the switching elements require reduction of the area they occupy.
As a means for permitting the liquid crystal display panel to display with high density and high definition, a photo-lithography technique and an etching technique which are micro processing techniques in semiconductor production techniques are used. However, even if such semiconductor production techniques are employed, it is very difficult to realize a large area processing with low cost.
The structure of a conventional liquid crystal display device having a switching element which efficiently makes the area larger with low cost will be now described with reference to FIG. 45 which is a plan view showing an example of a conventional liquid crystal display device, FIG. 47 which is a plan view enlarging a part thereof and FIG. 46 which is a cross sectional view taken along the line X--X in FIG. 45.
The liquid crystal display device comprises, as shown in FIG. 47, a first substrate 1, a second substrate 11 which are made of a transparent material and oppose each other by way of a spacer 17 at a certain gap, and a liquid crystal 16 which is filled between the first and second substrates 1 and 11.
A lower electrode 2 and a signal electrode 4 are disposed on the first substrate 1 as a first electrode, and a nonlinear resistor layer 3 is provided on the lower electrode 2. Further, an upper electrode 6 as a second electrode is provided on the nonlinear resistor layer 3 so is to overlap, thereby constituting a nonlinear resistor 9. The upper electrode 6 as the second electrode extends from a display electrode 7 as shown in FIG. 46, and a part of the upper electrode 6 also serves as the display electrode 7.
The nonlinear resistors 9 and the display electrodes 7 are disposed in a matrix shape.
A black matrix 12 is disposed on the second substrate 11 at a part confronting the first substrate 1 as shown by the hatched line in FIG. 46 for preventing leaking of light from g
REFERENCES:
patent: 4404555 (1983-09-01), Long et al.
patent: 4534623 (1985-08-01), Araki
patent: 4730140 (1988-03-01), Masubuchi
patent: 5119217 (1992-06-01), Takahashi
patent: 5274482 (1993-12-01), Morita et al.
patent: 5596432 (1997-01-01), Sekiguchi
Citizen Watch Co. Ltd.
Dudek James A.
Horney Kari M.
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